小麦蛋白/聚乙烯醇复合纳米纤维的制备及其表征

以小麦蛋白、聚乙烯醇(PVA)为原料,采用静电纺丝法制备小麦蛋白/PVA共混复合纳米纤维,重点研究纺丝液质量分数、电压、接收距离对纤维形态的影响,利用扫描电镜、傅里叶变换红外光谱、X-射线衍射光谱对纤维的形态与结构进行表征。结果表明:在纺丝液质量分数10%、小麦蛋白与PVA质量比8∶2、电压12 kV、接收距离10 cm的条件下,可以制备平均直径为280 nm左右的均一、表面光滑的纳米纤维。小麦蛋白与PVA复合后,分子间以氢键结合。     

静电纺丝纳米纤维的应用进展

近年来静电纺丝技术在制备纳米纤维领域得到了广泛应用,被认为是制备纳米纤维最简单有效的方法之一。通过静电纺丝法制备的纳米纤维具有长径比大、孔隙率高、比表面积大等优点,在过滤材料、生物医学、传感器以及其他特殊领域都有着良好的应用前景。主要介绍了近几年来国内外静电纺丝纤维在过滤吸附膜、生物医学、传感器、防护应用及其他一些特殊领域中的研究现状,并展望了静电纺丝纳米纤维的发展趋势和研究方向。     

环氧化SBS静电纺丝的研究

以苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯（SBS）和过氧化氢为原料,制备环氧基质量分数为10%的环氧化SBS（ESBS）.利用红外光谱对ESBS结构进行表征.通过研究纺丝溶剂、纺丝液质量分数、外加电压和接收距离等对纤维形态结构的影响,制备纳米级到微米级ESBS电纺纤维.结果表明四氢呋喃（THF）和N,N-二甲基甲酰胺（DMF）混合溶剂是电纺ESBS的优良溶剂.在THF/DMF（质量比=3∶1）纺丝溶剂,纺丝液质量分数为10%,外加电压23kV及接收距离28cm时,所制得ESBS电纺纤维形态较好,纤维平均直径为302nm,最小直径可达70nm.     

Electrospun titania fibers by incorporating graphene/Ag hybrids for the improved visible-light photocatalysis

A novel graphene/Ag nanoparticles (NPs) hybrid (prepared by a physical method (PM)) was incorporated into electrospun TiO₂ fibers to improve visible-lightdriven photocatalytic properties. The experimental study revealed that the graphene/Ag NPs (PM) hybrid not only decreased the bandgap energy of TiO₂, but also enhanced its light response in the visible region due to the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) effect. In addition, compared with those of TiO₂ fibers incorporating the graphene/Ag NPs hybrid (prepared by a chemical method (CM)), TiO₂-graphene/Ag NPs (PM) fibers exhibited a higher surface photocurrent density and superior photocatalytic performance, i.e., the visible-light-driven photocatalytic activity was enhanced by 2 times. The main reasons include a lower surface defect density of the graphene/Ag NPs (PM) hybrid, a smaller particle size (10 nm) and a higher dispersity of Ag NPs, which promote the rapid transfer of photoexcited charge carriers and inhibit the recombination of photogenerated electrons and holes. It is expected that this kind of ternary electrospun fibers will be a promising candidate for applications in water splitting, solar cells, CO₂ conversion and optoelectronic devices, etc.     

静电纺PET纳米纤维填料对酸性金黄G的过滤研究

利用静电纺丝技术制备了PET纳米纤维填料,絮凝-纳米纤维填料法处理染料废水中的酸性金黄G.研究了絮凝剂浓度、絮凝沉降时间、纳米纤维的结构等因素对酸性金黄G去除率的影响.采用扫描电镜(SEM)、紫外光谱仪(UV-vis)、红外光谱仪(FT-IR)进行检测及表征.实验结果表明,不加絮凝剂预处理,过滤75min后纳米纤维填料对酸性金黄G的去除率下降至47.5％.采用絮凝-纳米纤维填料法处理染料废水,去除率最大可达100％.而絮凝剂浓度为10mg/L时,过滤75min后去除率下降至87.5％；絮凝剂浓度700mg/L时,过滤75min后去除率仍可达到100％.