Continual conversion of free fatty acid in rice bran oil to triacylglycerol by immobilized lipase

Rice bran oil containing 30–50% free fatty acid was continually converted to an oil containing more than 75% of triacylglycerol (TG) by means of immobilized lipase. The reaction was carried out at 60°C for 24 h with dehydration and reactant mixing by dry nitrogen flow under a positive nitrogen atmosphere. Enzymatic TG synthesis with evaporation by heating was not suitable because of the increasing peroxide value of the oil. Part of this article was presented at the annual meeting of the Japan Oil Chemists' Society at Sendai, Japan, October, 16, 1990.     

米糠精制产品的应用

对米糠综合利用的途径进行了详细论述；并总结厂各种米糠精制产品在日用化工、医药工业、食品工业、精细化工领域的具体用途，包括米糠油的浸提技术，米糠油作为营养保健食品的开发利用，米糠油作为油脂化工原材料的深加工；米糠油精炼皂脚中提取游离脂肪酸及脂肪酸衍生物的制备；米糠脱水、脱臭、脱色的小皂化物提取谷甾醇、生育酚、谷维素的方法；米糠脱蜡副产物制备糠蜡和二十烷醇的利用及米糠饼(粕)提取植酸钙、植酸和肌醇的利用途径，最后提出了大力发展我国米糠产业的市场前景。     

Effect of grinding on chemical and physical properties of rice husk ash

The effect of grinding on the chemical and physical properties of rice husk ash was studied. Four rice husk ashes with different finenesses,i.e. coarse original rice husk ash (RHA0),RHA1,RHA2,and RHA3 were used for the study. Ordinary Portland cement (OPC) was partially replaced with rice husk ash at 20% by weight of binder. The water to binder ratio (W/B) of the mortar was maintained at 110%±5% with flow table test. Specific gravity,fineness,chemical properties,compressive strength,and porosity test of mor...     

开封引黄灌区灌溉条件下稻田土壤盐分阈值研究

结合各生育期水稻耐盐度、各处理实际种前初始土壤含盐量和对应生育期最高的土壤含盐量,分析了各灌溉处理条件下的稻田土壤含盐量在水稻各生育期的动态变化规律和允许初始土壤含盐量阈值.结果表明:控制灌溉及控制灌溉加淋洗条件下,各水稻生育期土壤含盐量均有不同程度降低,随着淋洗水量的增加土壤含盐量逐渐降低,并获得了不同灌溉方式下的允许稻田初始土壤含盐量阈值.此结论对实际应用有指导意义.     

糙米储藏品质评价数学模型的建立

为对糙米储藏过程中的劣变进行及时调控,选用2个粳糙米样品,测定不同储藏条件下的脂肪酸值、发芽率、生活力、电导率、降落数值等生理生化指标,进行各指标间的相关性分析,采用灰色关联度分析法对各项指标进行储藏品质敏感指标的筛选,并以各项敏感指标为自变量,以碾磨后的大米食味值为因变量,采用逐步回归的方法建立敏感指标与糙米最终食味值间的数学模型.结果表明:脂肪酸值、电导率对粳糙米储藏品质有显著影响,其中脂肪酸值对储藏品质敏感度最大,电导率次之;辽星糙米储藏品质评价的数学模型为y =92.57 +0.83X脂肪酸值-2.08X电导率,盐丰糙米储藏品质评价的数学模型为Y=-99.42+4.03X脂肪酸值-1.44X电导率.     

丛枝菌根(AM)对水稻生长促进及化肥减量研究

为了考察丛枝菌根(Arbuscular Mycorrhiza,AM)对水稻生长促进及化肥减量效果,以摩西球囊霉(Glomus mosseae)为实验材料在不同丛枝菌根真菌(Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi,AMF)含量的基质中进行水稻盆栽试验.对比分析了水稻根部AMF的侵染状况,及其对水稻生长的促进作用,并在此基础上探讨了AMF强化在农业面源污染化肥减量中的作用.结果表明:自然基质中土著G.mosseae普遍存在,并可与水稻根系形成菌根结构,但其对水稻的影响与AMF空白基质相比差异并不显著.AMF强化能显著提高其对水稻根部的侵染率.与自然基质相比,AMF强化使水稻的株高、总生物量、根系总表面积及产量分别提高了20.6%、30%、36.6%、45.3%.经计算,每生产100kg水稻,AMF强化相对于自然条件下氮肥、磷肥、钾肥施用量分别减少3.14kg、1.88kg、2.42kg,削减程度高达47%.AMF强化能够有效促进水稻生长并提高其产量,而且在农业面源污染化肥减量方面具有重要作用.     

防治稻瘟病的新型内吸性杀菌剂氰菌胺

概述了防治稻瘟病的新型内吸性杀菌剂氰菌胺，内容涉及创制经纬、化学名称、理化性质、毒性、作用机理、专利与登记、合成方法与应用等。     

Effects of decomposing rice straw on growth of and nitrogen fixation byRhizobium

Five phenolic compounds produced by decomposing rice straw and sterile extracts of decomposing rice straw in soil were very inhibitory to growth of three strains ofRhizobium. The effects were additive and in several instances synergistic. The phenolic compounds also reduced nodule numbers and hemoglobin content of the nodules in two bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) varieties. Extracts of decomposing rice straw in soil (same concentration as in the soil) significantly reduced N₂ fixation (acetylene reduction) in Bush Black Seeded beans. This may explain in part the great reduction in soybean yields in Taiwan following rice crops when the rice stubble is left in the field.     

In situ esterification of rice bran oil with methanol and ethanol

In situ esterifications of high-acidity rice bran oil with methanol and ethanol and with sulfuric acid as catalyst were investigated. In the esterification with methanol, all free fatty acids (FFA) dissolved in methanol were interesterified within 15 min, and it was possible to obtain nearly pure methyl esters. The amount of methyl esters obtained from a given rice bran was dependent on the FFA content of the rice bran oil. In the esterification with ethanol, it was not possible to obtain pure esters as in methanol esterification, because the solubilities of oil components in ethanol were much higher than those in methanol.     

氧脱木质素对稻草SFP浆性能的影响

亚硫酸盐―甲醛―蒽醌(SFP-AQ)法是适合于草类原料的一种制浆方法。文章研究了氧脱木质素对稻草SFP浆的卡伯值、白度、粘度及强度性能的影响。结果表明,较高的用碱量有助于残余木质素的脱除,在合适的工艺条件下,稻草SFP浆单段氧脱木质素的脱木质素率可达50%以上。在氧脱木质素用碱量3.5%、氧压0.4 MPa、温度110℃、时间60 min或90 min的条件下,稻草SFP浆的卡伯值较低、白度较高,而同时具有良好的粘度和强度性能。