原油乳状液稳定性研究 Ⅱ.原油成分对原油乳状液稳定性的影响

原血成分的表面活性物质及其细微固体颗粒,在油水界面上相互作用是原油乳状液其有稳定性的主要原因。本文采用简单的方法将原油中众多的物质分成两大类,并根椐它们单独时或混合后对癸烷/水乳状液稳定性作用的特征,将其分别称为原油乳化剂和原油破乳剂。试验表明,原油乳状液稳定性的高低主要取决于所含的这两大类物质的多少和相对比例,其相对重要性可由界面张力定性地反映出来;并且由原油/水界面张力的大小可以定性地评估原油乳状液的稳定性。     

热镀锌基板表面缺陷遗传性影响分析及相应措施

研究了酸轧产品表面质量对镀锌产品表面质量的影响,探讨了酸洗质量、乳化液残留、带钢表面粗糙度、冷硬卷表面带状缺陷对镀锌产品表面质量缺陷,如带状锌花偏小或无锌花、片状锌花偏小、线状锌花偏小的影响,并确定了酸洗及轧制过程的关键工艺控制措施,使镀锌产品一级品率提升了1.5% 。     

破乳菌B_3菌株分批发酵动力学分析

以从采油废水中筛选到的一株高效生物破乳菌株B3为试验菌株,为认识其发酵机理并指导发酵工艺设计,利用分批发酵的方法研究破乳菌株B3菌体生长和葡萄糖消耗情况.根据分批发酵实验结果,采用Logistic方程和Lu-edeking-Piret方程,建立破乳菌株B3的菌体生长和葡萄糖消耗动力学模型,利用拟线性法求得破乳菌分批发酵的动力学模型参数.模型计算值与实验值能够较好地拟合,相对误差分别小于9%和6%,表明所建立的动力学模型能够反映B3破乳菌株发酵过程的动力学特征.     

MnO纳米粒子的制备及其电催化性能的研究

用微乳液法合成了MnO纳米粒子，探讨了影响萃取率及粒度的因素，得到了最佳反应条件，并用透射电子显微镜(TEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)及红外光谱(FTIR)进行了表征。得到了粒径为5nm左右的MnO纳米粒子，并在质子交换膜燃料电池(PEMFC)的铂电极中加入5nm左右的MnO纳米粒子作为催化剂，改变了电池的放电机理，提高了输出电压。为PEMFC的商品化进行了有价值的探索。     

Mini-hydrocyclones application in the reduction of the total oil-grease (TOG) in a prepared sample of produced water

The process of de-oiling produced water from offshore oil fields was evaluated using hydrocyclones. An experimental design was employed and the results were used to create an empirical model that describes the reduced separation efficiency as a function of different concentrations of infeed and the pressure drop. A study was made of the procedure for preparing the oil-water emulsions used here in order to reproduce the TOG of the produced water generated in oil field. A procedure to verify the operation of these devices demonstrated that six hydrocyclones operating in tandem can attain the legally acceptable concentration of oil in the treated effluent.     

An amphoteric poly(VAc‐DBM‐AM‐DMAPS) emulsion focusing on the ecological sand‐fixing in salty desert: Structure and properties

In order to control the impacts of blown sand in salty desert, in this article, the amphoteric emulsion, for the first time, was applied as an ecological sand‐fixing material. This study started from the synthesis of the poly{vinyl acetate‐dibutyl maleate‐acrylamide‐co‐3‐[N‐(2‐methacroyloylethyl)‐N, N‐dimethylammonio]‐propane sulfonate} [P(VAc‐DBM‐AM‐DMAPS)] copolymer emulsion. Then, the structures, composition, thermal property of the emulsion were characterized by ¹H‐NMR, FTIR, and DSC, respectively. The basic properties of the emulsion and salt tolerance of the latex films were measured by using viscometer, dynamic light scattering, and laser Doppler electrophoresis also. And the sand‐fixing properties of the emulsion were evaluated. Finally, the influence of the emulsion on the growth of soil microbe and plants were discussed for understanding its ecological effect. The experimental results showed that the emulsion has been successfully synthesized and could be as an ecological sand‐fixing material. The related reason is that, first, the emulsion could significantly improve the compressive strength and water retaining; second, the emulsion had good thermal aging, freeze‐thaw stabilities and salt tolerance to withstand the changes in temperature and NaCl concentration of salty desert; third, the influence of the emulsion on the growth of plants and microbe of sand also showed a dependable ecological effect. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016 , 133, 43715.     

Design of Phosphonated Imidazolium-Based Ionic Liquids Grafted on γ-Alumina: Potential Model for Hybrid Membranes

Imidazolium bromide-based ionic liquids bearing phosphonyl groups on the cationic part were synthesized and grafted on γ-alumina (γ-Al₂O₃) powders. These powders were prepared as companion samples of conventional mesoporous γ-alumina membranes, in order to favor a possible transfer of the results to supported membrane materials, which could be used for CO₂ separation applications. Effective grafting was demonstrated using energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDX), N₂ adsorption measurements, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and special attention was paid to ³¹P and ¹³C solid state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR).     

Cationic microgel emulsion with a high solid content by a multistep addition method in inverse microemulsion polymerization

The multistep addition of a monomer and initiator was developed to successfully synthesize cationic polyacrylamide microgels with solid contents (SCs) greater than 35% and cationic monomer concentrations of 0–40 mol % by inverse microemulsion polymerization. Two feed methods, three‐step nonuniform addition and five‐step uniform addition, were implemented to obtain microgel emulsions with 37% SC. The former addition method was designed according to the solubilization limit of the microemulsion before step polymerization, and that of the latter was a constant based on the remaining surfactant weight in the reactor. The product properties in the intermediate processes of these two methods were compared by dynamic light scattering and viscosity measurement. The results show that the products here were translucent microemulsions instead of milky ones when they were synthesized by a semicontinuous polymerization. Also, the particle sizes of these two methods were almost the same; this indicated that the oscillation phenomenon in continuous polymerization at a high SC was avoided. With the former feed method, the risk and operation cost in the synthesis process could be cut down greatly. Moreover, the viscosity of the cationic microgel emulsion conformed to the Krieger–Dougherty equation with a greater value of intrinsic viscosity than that of a hard‐sphere system because of an electroviscous effect. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014 , 131, 40585.     

纳米二氧化钛/聚丙烯酸酯复合乳液的研究进展

对纳米二氧化钛/聚丙烯酸酯复合乳液的制备方法进行了综述,并对其存在的问题和未来的发展前景进行了展望。     

水性丙烯酸酯乳液包膜尿素研究

水性聚合物乳液包膜肥料技术在提高肥料利用率、有效控制农业污染方面发挥重要作用。采用预乳化半连续滴加的种子乳液聚合工艺合成水性丙烯酸酯乳液、高压喷枪喷涂包裹尿素制得包膜尿素;讨论了不同聚合硬软单体质量比、油水质量比、引发剂用量、乳化剂用量对乳液性质及包膜效果的影响,当聚合硬软单体质量比为48.0∶52.0、油水质量比为100∶120、w(引发剂)为0.5%、w(乳化剂)为2.4%时,包膜尿素缓释性较好。