酸岩反应动力学实验影响因素研究

酸岩反应动力学实验影响因素主要包括酸液类型、酸液浓度、转子转速以及反应温度等条件,但针对不同的储层,酸岩反应影响因素的影响程度不同。通过改变上述条件,采用Crs-series Corrison Reactor System仪器进行酸岩反应动力学实验,对酸岩反应的影响因素得到了进一步的认识。     

神农大酒店地源热泵空调系统技术方案分析

为了提高地源热泵空调系统的能效比并降低地源热泵空调系统地埋换热器的换热器面积,减小系统投资,对神农大酒店地源热泵空调系统采用不同技术方案,从系统热负荷、全年不平衡热负荷、冷却水流量、系统能效比等几方面进行理论分析,经综合比较,采用冷热一体机与热水机串联+冷却塔辅助散热的复合式系统方案优于其他方案。但此方案受制于目前市场上冷热一体机的冷凝器和热水机蒸发器的循环水流通截面积不相等,引起流动阻力增加,影响使用效果。因此开发出冷热一体机的冷凝器和热水机蒸发器的循环水流通截面积相等的产品,是科研工作者和生产厂家要解决的首要问题。     

全动床复式河槽水流阻力特性的试验研究

当水流漫滩后,由于滩槽间存在着强烈的动量交换,复式河槽在过流能力、泥沙输移、流速分布等许多方面不同于单一河道。通过水槽试验,探讨了清水作用下,由非均匀沙构筑而成的全动床复式河槽完全粗化后的水流阻力变化特性,包括水流能量损失、曼宁系数、谢才系数与达西-韦斯巴赫阻力系数等沿程变化。试验结果表明,对于清水作用下的全动床河道很难获得均匀流。断面平均流速沿程变化,单位重量水体经过单位长度而损失的能量将沿程改变。对于该类河道,在给定的水流条件下,阻力系数不再保持为常数,而是沿程变化的。这些特性表明全动床复式水槽水流阻力远比定床的复杂,要准确预测该类河道的过流能力及泥沙输移能力远比定床的困难。     

风光互补抽水蓄能电站系统配置研究

风光互补抽水蓄能电站是集合了传统水能与风、光新能源各自优势的一种新的多能互补开发方式。针对西藏阿里地区独特的自然地理条件,提出了这种开发方式的能量、水量平衡和抽水系统容量的计算模型,按成本电价和单位千瓦投资最低建立了风光互补抽水蓄能电站系统配置的优化模型。对阿里地区风光互补抽水蓄能电站进行了系统配置实例分析研究,得到了水能、光能和风能容量的最佳配比和相应容量配置要求。研究成果表明,这种多能互补开发方式可克服目前火电站及光伏电站成本电价高和运行维护技术要求高的缺点,具有独特的技术、经济优势,是解决阿里地区能源供应问题的有效途径之一。     

中国致密油藏水平井注水吞吐技术进展与发展趋势

中国致密油藏多采用水平井体积压裂衰竭式开发,水平井产量递减快,一次采收率不足10%。因此,有效补充地层能量是致密油藏体积压裂水平井稳产的关键。注水吞吐是致密油藏水平井的一种有效注水补充能量方法,近年来针对该方法进行了大量的研究和实践。在介绍注水吞吐工艺的基础上,从渗吸采油微观机理以及压力对渗吸排油影响两个方面对注水吞吐机理的研究进展进行了概述,并系统总结了储层性质和工艺参数对注水吞吐采油效果的影响。为了提高注水吞吐的开发效果,目前主要形成了化学处理剂辅助注水吞吐技术、大排量注水强化注水吞吐技术和水平井同井缝间异步注采技术3种改善注水吞吐开发效果的技术。进一步通过总结注水吞吐油藏数值模拟和工艺参数优化的研究成果,分析矿场实践经验,提出了中国致密油藏注水吞吐技术未来发展趋势。     

油田站外单管集油辅助工艺对比

为了解决部分油井无法单管输送的问题,采用PIPESIM模拟软件对不同含水率、不同集输半径和不同产液量油井的集输管线进行计算分析,同时结合各油田单管集输设计经验,得出中质原油站外系统单管集油工艺改造的技术界限,而对于达不到技术界限的油井,可以通过辅助措施实现单管集油,通过对比电磁加热器、空气源热泵、管道内置电伴热、井口气电加热器、油井保温隔热油管、地热、太阳能光热技术及井口加药等单管辅助措施的原理及工艺特点,最终确定在不同工况条件下的辅助单管集输措施,为油田站外单管集输工艺选择和优化提供了理论依据。     

基于离子液体的乙腈-乙醇-水共沸体系节能分离

乙腈生产过程中产生的乙腈-乙醇-水物系,由于在常压下产生了3种二元共沸物和1种三元共沸物,采取常规精馏无法对物系进行有效分离,因此基于COSMO-SAC理论对具有应用潜力的4种离子液体进行筛选,选定1,3-二甲基咪唑磷酸二甲酯([DMIM][DMP])作为分离乙腈-乙醇-水物系的适宜萃取剂,并利用σ-谱图对离子液体与该物系的作用机理进行分析;采用Aspen Plus软件建立了基于离子液体分离乙腈-乙醇-水物系的萃取精馏流程。以年度总费用(TAC)最低为优化目标,并将CO₂排放成本计入目标函数中进行流程优化。在此基础上,为了更有效节能,进一步设计优化了热泵精馏萃取分离流程。最终热泵精馏流程TAC比常规流程降低16.82%,CO₂排放费用减少了23.35%。     

Hydrostatic-pressure-induced depolarization of (Pb1-1.5xLax)(Zr0.80Ti0.20)O3 ferroelectric ceramics

Pulse power energy conversion materials with ultrafast discharge processes and ultrahigh power densities have been widely used in the defense, energy, medical, and mining fields. The pressure-driven depolarization in ferroelectric materials is significant and accounts for the discharge processes. In this study, we focus on pressure-induced depolarization in (Pb_1-1.5xLa_x)(Zr_0.80Ti_0.20)O₃ (PLZT) (x = 0-0.07) ceramics, and their corresponding phase structure, dielectric properties, ferroelectric properties, and thermal depolarization performances. Although a satisfactory pulse power energy conversion performance has been achieved in Pb(Zr_0.95Ti_0.05)O₃ materials, poor temperature stability negatively influences their application. The static charge densities of PLZT (x = 0.04, 0.06) decreased from 29.11 μC/cm² and 31.53 μC/cm² to 19.76 μC/cm² and 6.56 μC/cm² under 400 MPa hydrostatic pressure, respectively, which is attributed to a pressure-driven ferroelectric-antiferroelectric phase structural transition. In particular, the temperature stability of PLZT (x = 0.06) materials is up to 87°C. This study may guide the further development pulse power energy conversion devices.     

Simultaneously achieved high-energy storage density and efficiency in (K,Na)NbO3-based lead-free ferroelectric films

With the development of advanced electrical and electronic devices and the requirement of environmental protection, lead-free dielectric capacitors with excellent energy storage performance have aroused great attention. However, it is a great challenge to achieve both large energy storage density and high efficiency simultaneously in dielectric capacitors. This work investigates the energy storage performance of sol-gel-processed (K,Na)NbO₃-based lead-free ferroelectric films on silicon substrates with compositions of 0.95(K_0.49Na_0.49Li_0.02)(Nb_0.8Ta_0.2)O₃-0.05CaZrO₃-x mol% Mn (KNN-LT-CZ5-x mol% Mn). The appropriate amount of Mn-doping facilitates the coexistence of orthorhombic and tetragonal phases, suppresses the leakage current, and considerably enhances the breakdown strengths of KNN-LT-CZ5 films. Consequently, large recoverable energy storage density up to 64.6 J cm⁻³ with a high efficiency of 84.6% under an electric field of 3080 kV cm⁻¹ are achieved in KNN-LT-CZ5-5 mol% Mn film. This, to the best of our knowledge, is superior to the majority of both the lead-based and lead-free films on silicon substrates and thus demonstrates great potentials of (K,Na)NbO₃-based lead-free films as dielectric energy storage materials.     

Ce3+/Tb3+-coactived NaMgBO3 phosphors toward versatile applications in white LED,FED, and optical anti-counterfeiting

Ce³⁺/Tb³⁺ co-doped NaMgBO₃ phosphors were successfully synthesized by solid-state method. Under 381 nm excitation, the cyan emission owing to the 5d → 4f of Ce³⁺ ions and green emissions arising from the ⁵D₄ → ⁷F_J (J = 6, 5, 4, and 3) transitions of Tb³⁺ ions were seen in all the phosphors. Through theoretical analysis, one knows that the energy transfer from Ce³⁺ to Tb³⁺ ions with high efficiency of 83.74% was contributed by dipole–dipole transition. Furthermore, the internal quantum efficiency of NaMgBO₃:0.01Ce³⁺,0.03Tb³⁺ phosphor was 54.28%. Compared with that of at 303 K, the emission intensity of the developed products at 423 K still kept 73%, revealing the splendid thermal stability of the studied phosphors. Through utilizing the resultant phosphors as cyan-green components, the fabricated white-LED device exhibited an excellent correlated color temperature of 2785 K, high color-rendering index of 85.73, suitable luminance efficiency of 25.00 lm/W, and appropriate color coordinate of (0.4279, 0.3617). Aside from the superior photoluminescence, the synthesized phosphors also exhibited excellent cathode-luminescence properties which were sensitive to the current and accelerating voltage. Furthermore, the NaMgBO₃:0.01Ce³⁺,0.03Tb³⁺ phosphors with multi-mode emissions were promising candidates for optical anti-counterfeiting. All the results indicated that the Ce³⁺/Tb³⁺ co-doped NaMgBO₃ phosphors were potential multi-platforms toward white-LED, field emission displays, and optical anti-counterfeiting applications.