发展我国制革企业刍议

中国已入世 ,制革业将拥有无限机遇 ,但制革厂还现存一些亟待解决的问题。解析了制革厂的技术创新、经营管理等方面的问题。     

负压法(射流法)回收治理液氨尾气

论述了负压法(射流法)回收治理液氨尾气的环保安全工艺技术、原理；解决了目前一直沿用的正压法无法解决的棘手问题。     

矿山岩土工程系统环境质量评价指标体系

矿山现行的环境影响评价及其提交的环境影响报告书,是将矿山开发视为单个建设项目且只注重污染物排放和简单数量分析的单要素评价.本文将矿山开发视为统一系统,充分考虑系统内矿石开采、废石场、尾矿库等岩土工程及其矿岩氧化淋滤产生的毒害物质对矿区及其区域水土环境潜在而长期的影响,建立矿山岩士工程系统环境质量评价的指标体系,以改变矿山环境评价的传统旧式,规范和监督矿山开采行为,实现矿业开发与环境保护的协调发展.     

Performance evaluation of a water/silicone oil two‐phase partitioning bioreactor using Rhodococcus erythropolis T902.1 to remove volatile organic compounds from gaseous effluents

BACKGROUND: In the framework of biological processes used for waste gas treatment, the impact of the inoculum size on the start‐up performance needs to be better evaluated. Moreover, only a few studies have investigated the behaviour of elimination capacity and biomass viability in a two‐phase partitioning bioreactor (TPPB) used for waste gas treatment. Lastly, the impact of ethanol as a co‐substrate remains misunderstood. RESULTS: Firstly, no benefit of inoculation with a high cellular density (>1.5 g L^?1) was observed in terms of start‐up performance. Secondly, the TPPB was monitored for 38 days to characterise its behaviour under several operational conditions. The removal efficiency remained above 63% for an inlet concentration of 7 g isopropylbenzene (IPB) m^?3 and at some time points reached 92% during an intermittent loading phase (10 h day^?1), corresponding to a mean elimination capacity of 4 × 10^?3 g L^?1 min^?1 (240 g m^?3 h^?1) for a mean IPB inlet load of 6.19 × 10^?3 g L^?1 min^?1 (390 g m^?3 h^?1). Under continuous IPB loading, the performance of the TPPB declined, but the period of biomass acclimatisation to this operational condition was shorter than 5 days. The biomass grew to approximately 10 g L^?1 but the cellular viability changed greatly during the experiment, suggesting an endorespiration phenomenon in the bioreactor. It was also shown that simultaneous degradation of IPB and ethanol occurred, suggesting that ethanol improves the biodegradation process without causing oxygen depletion. CONCLUSION: A water/silicone oil TPPB with ethanol as co‐substrate allowed the removal of a high inlet load of IPB during an experiment lasting 38 days. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry     

重油催化裂化装置的环保对策

对重油催化裂化过程中的环境影响因素、硫分布状况及硫平衡等进行了分析，指出了重油催化裂化过程中的环境污染问题；从对装置污染源的分析出发，提出了相关的治理措施。     

High performance air pollution modeling for a power plant environment

The aim of this work is to provide a high performance air quality simulation using the STEM-II (Sulphur Transport Eulerian Model 2) program, a large-scale pollution modeling application. First, we optimize the sequential program with the aim of increasing data locality. Then, we parallelized the program using OpenMP directives for shared memory systems, and the MPI library for distributed memory machines. Performance results are presented for a SGI O2000 multiprocessor, a Fujitsu AP3000 multicomputer and a Cluster of PCs. Experimental results show that the parallel versions of the code achieve important reductions in the CPU time needed by each simulation. This will allow us to obtain results with adequate speed and reliability for the industrial environment where it is intended to be applied.     

Two‐phase production of cyclohexene and cyclooctene oxides in water as an approach to pollution prevention

Liquid–liquid two‐phase epoxidation from cyclohexene and cyclooctene in aqueous potassium peroxymonosulfate (commercially available as Oxone^®) solution was studied as an application in pollution prevention. To avoid potential emissions of volatile organic compounds an aqueous solution was employed to replace the usual chlorinated solvents used in epoxide production. A droplet column reactor and stirred tank reactor were used to investigate two‐phase synthesis of epoxide. An aqueous Oxone^® solution was used to oxidize a dispersion of alkene droplets and form epoxide. The study of aqueous epoxidation in both reactors showed that the epoxidation of alkenes can be represented as a first order reaction with respect to alkene. The salting out effect of Oxone^® concentration was studied in both reactors and found to be very similar at optimal conditions. In comparing the two reactors, it was found that the droplet column reactor produces larger quantities of product per unit reactor volume for the same reaction time. The objective of this study is to provide an alternative reactor design and synthesis route that can meet pollution prevention goals. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry     

Particle Penetration through Inclined and L-Shaped Cracks

This paper presents a particle penetration model predicting particle penetration coefficient (Pp) through a narrow crack of arbitrary incline angles (θ). The objective was to simulate Pp for outdoor-to-indoor particle penetration for residential infiltration conditions. This model assumes laminar infiltration flow and considers particle deposition from both gravitational sedimentation and Brownian diffusion. For micron-sized particles, modeling results indicate that gravitational sedimentation is the major deposition mechanism. Pp increases monotonically with ∣θ∣ because effective particle sedimentation velocity (vs?cos?θ) decreases monotonically with ∣θ∣. For submicron-sized particles (0.1?μm), Brownian diffusion is the major particle deposition mechanism. Because Brownian diffusion is a nondirectional deposition mechanism, crack inclination did not affect Pp. This study applied this model to estimate Pp for L-shaped cracks, and validated modeling results with experiments. Experimental results indicated that inertial impaction and crack entrance cutoff effects were not significant particle deposition mechanisms for the test micron-sized particles. Gravitational sedimentation was the major deposition mechanism. An L-shaped crack can be simulated as the combination of horizontal and vertical sections. This model agreed reasonably with experimental results.     

土壤中石油污染物微生物降解及其降解去向

通过多因素对比预实验，将筛选出的7个石油烃降解的主要影响因素以正交表方法组合起来，对其进行了实验研究。探讨了石油迁移转化对于各种土壤物理化学条件及其他环境因素改变的敏感程度，并找出了各主要影响因素的重要性和最佳水平；测定了土壤中所存在的石油污染物在生物降解作用下的后期产物，研究了不同条件下的样品残留污染物组分之间的差异。影响土壤中石油烃类降解的主要因素有土壤石油污染强度、营养物(NH4NO3、K2HPO4)、氧化剂(3%H2O2溶液)、表面活性剂(TW80)、温度、土壤含水率和土壤透气性；在降解的不同阶段，各个因素的重要性以及最佳水平会发生相应的变化；在生物降解后期，土壤中残留的石油污染物主要是正构和异构烷烃；正构烷烃的色谱图由原来的对称钟形变为左陡右缓的偏钟形；异构烷烃所占比重增大，正十五烷和正二十一烷之间的谱图基线被明显抬高。     

绿色包装材料——生物降解塑料

对绿色包装材料-生物降解塑料的降解机理、特点，国内外研究现状和进展及存在的问题和发展前景进行了介绍。