网络信息污染综述

随着互联网技术的迅速发展和知识经济的到来,信息作为一种社会发展的战略资源,越来越受到人们的重视。由于网络环境下信息量的激增,信息传递的无序性和失控性,导致信息污染日益加剧,给社会造成了严重危害。因此,必须采取有效措施,进行网络环境下信息控污,净化网络信息空间,为更好地利用网络信息资源创造有利条件。针对网络信息环境,分析了信息污染的内涵、外在表现、污染原因,指出了信息污染的危害,给出了相关的解决对策。     

基于系统动力学的环境污染演化博弈问题研究

用系统动力学建立环境污染管理问题中政府管理部门与生产排污企业之间的一个混合战略演化博弈模型.仿真结果表明:非对称结构的2*2混合策略演化博弈模型不存在演化均衡.从监管部门的角度出发,改变博弈支付矩阵在演化博弈过程始终保持不变的情况,在博弈支付矩阵中考虑动态惩罚策略.结果表明,本策略的演化博弈模型存在演化稳定均衡,即Nash均衡.系统动力学为演化博弈理论的验证和应用提供一个政策仿真实验平台.     

实现“清洁生产”是防治工业污染的根本途径

本文论述了实现“清洁生产”是从根本上消除工业污染,促进环保与经济协调发展的有效途径;指出过去因忽略了生产全过程的控制和工艺进步等关键性环节,造成“先污染,后治理”的事倍功半的后果;提高了实现“清洁生产”的途径和实现“清洁生产”的必要性和紧迫性。     

Air pollution modelling using a Graphics Processing Unit with CUDA

The Graphics Processing Unit (GPU) is a powerful tool for parallel computing. In the past years the performance and capabilities of GPUs have increased, and the Compute Unified Device Architecture (CUDA) - a parallel computing architecture - has been developed by NVIDIA to utilize this performance in general purpose computations. Here we show for the first time a possible application of GPU for environmental studies serving as a basement for decision making strategies. A stochastic Lagrangian particle model has been developed on CUDA to estimate the transport and the transformation of the radionuclides from a single point source during an accidental release. Our results show that parallel implementation achieves typical acceleration values in the order of 80-120 times compared to CPU using a single-threaded implementation on a 2.33 GHz desktop computer. Only very small differences have been found between the results obtained from GPU and CPU simulations, which are comparable with the effect of stochastic transport phenomena in atmosphere. The relatively high speedup with no additional costs to maintain this parallel architecture could result in a wide usage of GPU for diversified environmental applications in the near future.     

P2P系统中一种基于声誉的混合抗污染机制

提出一种新的基于节点声誉和目标声誉的混合抗污染机制。该机制由投票节点的声誉决定选定的目标文件的声誉。节点声誉通过引入严厉的惩罚策略及投票激励机制,有效孤立了污染者,刺激了用户对文件污染的警觉度,阻止污染的进一步扩散。仿真结果表明,与目标声誉系统相比,该机制收敛更快,抗污染性能更好。     

差动吸收式SO2光纤传感器的研究

本文基于气体的窄带光吸收特性 ,研究了 SO2 气体浓度与载波光强的关系 ,在此基础上 ,设计了一种检测该气体浓度的差动光纤传感器及其系统 ,对改善仪器精度等特性指标的主要因素进行分析。实验结果表明该仪器具有较高的灵敏度和精度。     

城市大气移动监测系统的研究

本文研究了一种新型的城市大气移动监测系统,该系统以城市交通为载体。大气监测装置可以监测到几乎整个城市的大气情况,能够便捷、全面地对整个城市大气进行监测。系统通过传感器对空气进行采样,通过GPS设备进行无线数据传输。依据数据绘制实时空气质量直方图及当前车辆所在的位置地图,并做出分析,画出各区域一天内的大气变化直方图及曲线图,将结果发布在Internet上,供市民上网浏览。     

Pilot Study for the Performance of a New Demand Control Ventilation System in Hong Kong

There are different ventilation control methods for outdoor air quantity in air-conditioned spaces to reduce the energy consumed in cooling the outdoor air. Demand controlled ventilation (DCV) is an important strategy to control the outdoor air quantity. However, the current practice in DCV systems creates several problems for air-conditioned office buildings. Although metabolic carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration is mainly used as a surrogate indicator for ventilation adequacy, the conventional DCV system does not seriously consider the placement location of the CO2 sensor, and it does not take into account the adverse effects of the consequential increase in pollutant concentrations in the indoor space when the fresh airflow rate is reduced. In this study, a long period of subjective and objective measurements were conducted in an occupied office to examine its suitability for conversion to a new demand controlled ventilation system (nDCV). After the feasibility investigation, an nDCV system was developed to optimize the energy consumed for outdoor air ventilation while providing the desirable thermal comfort and indoor air quality. The true optimization of this nDCV is achieved by a new concept of the optimized indoor air quality window which determines the most representative locations for the indicator sensors. A minimum ventilation rate is determined by a calibration procedure for the pollutant inventory of a building, taking into account the infiltration characteristics. Radon gas, which is a notorious carcinogenic indoor pollutant, is used as a reference to determine the minimum fresh airflow rate. The findings show that this nDCV system reduced 16% of fresh air cooling energy consumption without jeopardizing the thermal comfort and indoor air quality.     

工业废弃物的多途径应用及效果分析

在钢铁冶金生产过程中会产生大量工业废弃物，而且其存在形态各不相同，既污染环境，又造成资源浪费。阐述了如何根据各种废弃物不同的形态，采取相应的方式方法加以回收利用；进一步介绍了几年来济钢烧结厂在这方面所做的工作及取得的成效。     

Emission Control of NO and SO2 for the High-Temperature and Low O2 Concentration Combustion of Coke by Urea and NH4HCO3

Urea and NH4HCO3 were used to control the emission of NO and SO2 from the combustion of coke at high-temperature and low oxygen concentration. Urea and NH4HCO3 could control NO emission only under 1100°C. Their effects disappeared above 1100°C even though the increase of urea and NH4HCO3 content from 10?to?50?wt?%. However, they showed good desulfurization effect on the emission of SO2 at all combustion temperatures and their effects showed remarkable results even at 1500°C. Only 10?wt?% of urea or NH4HCO3 could control the emission of SO2 effectively at 1400 and 1500°C. This effect was caused by ?NH and ?NH2 from the thermal decomposition of reducing agents at high temperature. Low O2 concentration showed little effect on the removal of SO2. Ammonia slip from the thermal decomposition of reducing chemical was not a considerable level.