装备的环境腐蚀效应抑制技术

从我国的环境特征和军事需求出发,分析了装备面临的环境、装备的环境腐蚀效应及危害,叙述了如何从环境抑制、增强装备耐蚀品质和加强维护保养与维修三个方面加强装备的环境腐蚀效应抑制,为提高装备环境适应性提供工程解决方案.     

环境中金属镉的电化学传感器测定方法研究

由于金属镉的毒性给环境造成严重影响,所以迫切需要建立一种便宜、快速,用于测定低含量镉离子的检测方法。对于环境中金属镉的测定前人已研究出许多方法,其中电化学方法以其简易快捷、廉价、测量装置能小型化、灵敏度高、适合现场采样测量等优点为人们所推崇。综述了近十年以来一系列用于环境中金属镉测定的电化学传感器测定方法,并且讨论了各种电化学传感器对于环境中金属镉测定应用的优缺点,集中比较了各种方法相对应的检测限。     

基于WebGIS的分布式城市应急决策支持模型

为了辅助市政管理部门及时应对城市突发危机事件,采用互联网地理信息系统(WebGIS)技术建立一种分布式城市应急决策支持模型.根据科学处理城市公共危机所需的预案管理要求,设计了模型的框架、功能并集成一个针对紧急疏散的专家系统.研究表明,该模型为数字城市应急系统建设提供了一种行之有效的开发模式.     

Remarkable Antibacterial Activity of Reduced Graphene Oxide Functionalized by Copper Ions

Despite long-term efforts for exploring antibacterial agents or drugs, potentiating antibacterial activity and meanwhile minimizing toxicity to the environment remains a challenge. Here, it is experimentally shown that the functionality of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) through copper ions displays selective antibacterial activity that is significantly stronger than that of rGO itself and no toxicity to mammalian cells. Remarkably, this antibacterial activity is two-orders-of-magnitude greater than the activity of its surrounding copper ions. It is demonstrated that rGO is functionalized through the cation–π interaction to massively adsorb copper ions to form a rGO–copper composite and result in an extremely low concentration level of surrounding copper ions (less than ≈0.5 µm ). These copper ions on rGO are positively charged and strongly interact with negatively charged bacterial cells to selectively achieve antibacterial activity, while rGO exhibits the functionality to not only actuate rapid delivery of copper ions and massive assembly onto bacterial cells but also result in the valence shift in the copper ions from Cu²⁺ into Cu⁺, which greatly enhances the antibacterial activity. Notably, this rGO functionality through cation–π interaction with copper ions can similarly achieve algaecidal activity but does not exert cytotoxicity against neutrally charged mammalian cells.     

原子力显微镜在聚合物溶液结构研究中的应用

驱油用水溶性聚合物溶液的应用性能由其聚合物溶液的微观结构所决定,因此在驱油用聚合物合成及配方研究中迫切需要研究其溶液的微观结构。本文使用原子力显微镜（AFM）、环境扫描电镜（ESEM）和透射电镜（TEM）观察了水溶液中聚合物（HAWSP,AP-P4）的微观结构。研究发现常温常压下原子力显微镜观察到的聚合物网络结构图案清晰,边界分辨率高。透射电镜观察到的聚合物网络结构较模糊且网络结构有断裂现象。环境扫描电镜观测到的网络结构尺寸大小是AFM观测到的几倍甚至是十几倍。动态光散射（dynamic light scattering,DLS）结果证明AFM和TEM所观测到的聚合物结构最接近于真实结构。结果表明使用原子力显微镜在观察水溶性聚合物类样品时,能够较真实反映其微观结构。     

LED背光源现况与展望

现阶段,LED被广泛地应用到中小尺寸背光源中,大尺寸TV背光源也由原来的CCFL向LED转变。LED背光源的优势有低能耗、无汞环保、超薄化结构设计、高色彩饱和度、高品质画面显示,其应用领域广阔,几乎涵盖了中小尺寸、大尺寸显示应用领域。文章介绍了国内外LED背光源的标准体系建立情况,并根据当前产业面临的困难提出大尺寸LED背光源的发展方向。     

基于多源信息和改进证据理论的空战攻击决策

针对证据理论不能有效地处理带冲突证据信息的缺点,结合已有的证据理论改进算法研究了一种新的多源信息融合策略并应用于多机协同空战决策。根据不同的前提条件采用不同的融合规则,并在融合过程中引入可靠性度量,以反映具体证据的信任度。同时采用闭世界和开世界的观点,区别两种不同部分冲突信息的分配并考虑融合的顺序,提高冲突证据的融合效率。仿真结果表明所研究的融合策略能够得到较好的空战攻击决策结果。     

基于CDMA网络的噪声监测技术研究

按照我国在环境噪声测量方面的标准及相关测量方法,提出一种基于CDMA1X无线网络的环境噪声监测终端的设计,实现对环境噪声的远程实时监测、历史数据查看、超标报警及现场存储等多项功能。介绍了系统的架构、硬件组成原理和软件设计方案,对关键的硬件组成部分、软件分层模块及数据处理方法作了阐述。结合实时数据和图表对终端试运行的情况进行了说明。     

漫湾水电站泄流雾化原型观测研究

高水头大流量的泄水建筑物泄流时产生严重泄流雾化对工程和环境造成污染，是必须考虑的重要问题，文章介绍了泄流雾化观测的新技术及其原理，包括：用立体摄影测量方法观测雾化流运动扩散的形态范围；用放射发现同位素测量典型区域内泄流雾化浓度，并配合以雨量筒测量典型泄流雾化降雨强度等，并以漫湾水电站的体观测为实例，介绍了实施方法和效果。     

Autonomic Self‐Repairing Glassy Materials

A new process that enables glassy materials to self‐repair from mechanical damage is presented in this paper. Contrary to intrinsic self‐healing, which involves overheating to enable crack healing by glass softening, this process is based on an extrinsic effect produced by vanadium boride (VB) particles dispersed within the glass matrix. Self‐repair is obtained through the oxidation of VB particles, and thus without the need to increase the operating temperature. The VB healing agent is selected for its capacity to oxidize at a lower temperature than the softening point of the glass. Thermogravimetric analyses indeed show that VB oxidation is rapid and occurs below the glass transition temperature. Solid‐state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy indicates that VB is oxidized into V₂O₅ and B₂O₃, which enable the local formation of glass. The autonomic self‐healing effect is demonstrated by an in situ experiment visualized using an environmental scanning electron microscope. It is shown that a crack could be healed by the VB oxidation products.