Scattering loss in optical waveguide with trapezoidal cross section

To get the scattering loss of the trapezoidal core waveguide, a new analysis model is presented based on the perturbation equivalent method and modified effective-index method. Firstly, the trapezoidal core waveguide is successfully equivalent to the rectangular one with both restricting the same optical field energy by adopting the perturbation method. Then, the equivalent rectangular core waveguide is decomposed into two slab waveguides by employing the modified effective-index method. The trapezoidal core waveguide scattering theory model is established based on the slab waveguide scattering theory. With the sidewalls surface roughness in the range from 0 to 100 nm in the single model trapezodial core waveguide, optical simulation shows excellent agreement with the results from the scattering loss model presented. The relationship between the dimension and side-wall roughness with the scattering loss can be determined in the trapezoidal core waveguide by the scattering loss model.     

水管冷却热传导计算模型能量分析

对水管冷却有限元法和水管冷却等效热传导法的相关性进行了研究,采用同一套有限元网格,仿真分析了混凝土浇筑仓的非稳定温度场和徐变应力场,对比分析了两种水管冷却计算模型计算的混凝土浇筑仓平均温度和弹性应变能及黏性应变能.水管冷却等效热传导法计算的混凝土平均温度与水管冷却有限元法计算的平均温度接近,前者是后者的等效平均,但两者的同一节点温度不一样,且差异有时还比较大.由于前者是后者温度的等效平均,所以前者和后者的弹性应变能和黏性应变能接近,但两者的同一节点的应力不一样,因此其差异有时也比较大.     

考虑填充墙作用的框架结构Pushover分析

通过对"汶川地震"中框架填充墙的破坏情况进行调查分析,给出了框架填充墙的主要破坏形式,并总结发生破坏的原因;针对砌体填充墙框架结构在地震作用下的受力特点,提出结构简化计算模型(框架-斜撑模型),利用等效轴向刚度推导出斜撑宽度;结合实际工程,采用框架-斜撑模型对已建的框架填充墙结构进行Pushover分析,对结构的抗震能力做出评估。结果表明:①填充墙消耗了大量的地震能量,对周边部分构件起到了保护作用;②填充墙的参与,改变了结构的受力状态,结构薄弱部位也发生了变化。     

The effects of age,viewing distance,display type,font type,colour contrast and number of syllables on the legibility of Korean characters

This study evaluated the effects of age (20s and 60s), viewing distance (50 cm, 200 cm), display type (paper, monitor), font type (Gothic, Ming), colour contrast (black letters on white background, white letters on black background) and number of syllables (one, two) on the legibility of Korean characters by using the four legibility measures (minimum letter size for 100% correctness, maximum letter size for 0% correctness, minimum letter size for the least discomfort and maximum letter size for the most discomfort). Ten subjects in each age group read the four letters presented on a slide (letter size varied from 80 pt to 2 pt). Subjects also subjectively rated the reading discomfort of the letters on a 4-point scale (1 = no discomfort, 4 = most discomfort). According to the ANOVA procedure, age, viewing distance and font type significantly affected the four dependent variables (p < 0.05), while the main effect of colour contrast was not statistically significant for any measures. Two-syllable letters had smaller letters than one-syllable letters in the two correctness measures. The younger group could see letter sizes two times smaller than the old group could and the viewing distance of 50 cm showed letters about three times smaller than those at a 200 cm viewing distance. The Gothic fonts were smaller than the Ming fonts. Monitors were smaller than paper for correctness and maximum letter size for the most discomfort. From a comparison of the results for correctness and discomfort, people generally preferred larger letter sizes to those that they could read. The findings of this study may provide basic information for setting a global standard of letter size or font type to improve the legibility of characters written in Korean.

Statement of Relevance: Results obtained in this study will provide basic information and guidelines for setting standards of letter size and font type to improve the legibility of characters written in Korean. Also, the results might offer useful information for people who are working on design of visual displays.     

光子注量到周围剂量当量转换系数的Monte-Carlo模拟

本文采用蒙特卡罗程序EGS5计算了10 keV~10 MeV光子注量到周围剂量当量的转换系数。模拟计算中考虑了两种情况：1）不带次级电子模拟;2）带次级电子模拟。把两种情况下的计算值与前研究者的计算值及ICRP 74号报告中的建议值进行了比较。并给出了用于计算光子注量与周围剂量当量间的转换系数的拟合公式。     

钢衬钢筋混凝土管外包混凝土裂缝宽度计算公式安全度水平研究

通过引入等效保证率概念,对现有不同钢衬钢筋混凝土管外包混凝土结构裂缝宽度计算公式的计算精度以及安全度水平进行了分析比较。结果表明,前苏联П-780—83公式和董哲仁公式计算精度相对较高,其等效保证率分别达到了80.54%和92.38%。提出了两套钢衬钢筋混凝土管外包混凝土结构裂缝宽度计算建议方案:方案一为采用前苏联П-780—83中裂缝宽度计算公式计算,将计算值乘以增大系数1.2;方案二为采用董哲仁建议的裂缝宽度计算公式计算,其中平均裂缝间距改用国茂华公式。     

连续刚构箱梁剪力滞效应分析

以靖远黄河大桥这一五跨连续刚构箱梁桥为工程背景,运用当量截面法计算靖远桥的剪力滞系数。分析其简化计算,将结果与ANSYS分析结果进行比较。     

The "hidden observer" phenomenon in hypnosis: Some additional findings.

23 highly hypnotizable undergraduates (Harvard Group Scale of Hypnotic Susceptibility) underwent 2 specially constructed 7-item hypnotic inductions. Over the 14 items, the main finding was of a relationship between E. R. Hilgard's (1973, 1977, 1979) "hidden observer" effect and 2 aspects of hypnotic age regression. Ss reporting a hidden observer experienced duality during regression to age 5, in which they were aware of being both adult and child. When asked to write a complex sentence, most did so, usually without spelling errors. The Ss not reporting this effect experienced quasi-lateral age regression in which they had the exclusive feeling of being 5 yrs old, with no sense of an adult identity. Most of these Ss were unable to write the same complex sentence when requested to during age regression. The study replicated Hilgard's finding of the hidden observer phenomenon in terms of its incidence and obtained similar verbal reports from Ss experiencing it. At the same time, the results suggest that a neodissociation account of hypnosis may need some modifications to accommodate these additional findings. (27 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Social class, child age, and parental socialization values.

Upper-, middle-, and lower-class parents were asked to explain a proverb which had both "growth" and "stability" interpretations to their 11- and 16-yr-old sons. The growth interpretation was overwhelmingly endorsed by most parents. With 16-yr-olds, lower-middle-class parents continued to endorse the growth interpretation; most upper-class parents endorsed the stability interpretation. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

不同强度等级混凝土碳化深度随龄期变化分析

在分析了龄期对碳化深度、回弹值以及混凝土强度影响的基础上进一步分析了龄期对回弹测强曲线使用的影响。