基于风险的检验在乙烯分离单元中的应用

分离单元是乙烯装置的一个重要组成部分,通过应用基于风险的检验方法,对乙烯装置分离单元中的设备和管道进行了风险评估,分析了该单元中主要的失效模式和损伤机理.通过失效概率和失效后果的计算,确定各设备的风险等级,并根据风险结果,提出降低风险措施,制定优化检验策略,为装置的定期检验提供了参考和依据.     

Discovery of Five New Ethylene-Forming Enzymes for Clean Production of Ethylene in E. coli

Ethylene is an essential platform chemical with a conjugated double bond, which can produce many secondary chemical products through copolymerisation. At present, ethylene production is mainly from petroleum fractionation and cracking, which are unsustainable in the long term, and harmful to our environment. Therefore, a hot research field is seeking a cleaner method for ethylene production. Based on the model ethylene-forming enzyme (Efe) {"type":"entrez-protein","attrs":{"text":"AAD16440.1","term_id":"4323597","term_text":"AAD16440.1"}}AAD16440.1 (6vp4.1.A) from Pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicol, we evaluated five putative Efe protein sequences using the data derived from phylogenetic analyses and the conservation of their catalytic structures. Then, pBAD expression frameworks were constructed, and relevant enzymes were expressed in E. coli BL21. Finally, enzymatic activity in vitro and in vivo was detected to demonstrate their catalytic activity. Our results show that the activity in vitro measured by the conversion of α-ketoglutarate was from 0.21–0.72 μmol ethylene/mg/min, which varied across the temperatures. In cells, the activity of the new Efes was 12.28–147.43 μmol/gDCW/h (DCW, dry cellular weight). Both results prove that all the five putative Efes could produce ethylene.     

煤制乙二醇技术进展

综述了目前乙二醇生产工艺技术的现状和发展动向,指出了石油乙烯路线是目前乙二醇工业生产的主要工艺。同时,着重介绍了中国科学院福建物质结构研究所与企业合作,率先在国内外实现工业化的煤制乙二醇的成套技术。该技术符合我国缺油、少气、煤炭资源相对丰富的资源特点,可利用煤炭资源生产乙二醇,代替目前的石油乙烯路线,将有效缓解我国乙二醇产品供需矛盾,逐步实现我国以煤代油生产乙二醇的战略目标,节省大量石油资源,对国家的能源和化工产业产生重要积极影响,代表了当今煤化工领域的前沿发展方向之一。     

广东石油化工建设与合成纤维工业的发展

介绍了广东省石油化工建设的最近动态，并讨论了其对合成纤维工业发展的影响．提出了一些建议．     

Localized Ligand Induced Electroless Plating (LIEP) Process for the Fabrication of Copper Patterns Onto Flexible Polymer Substrates

The “ligand induced electroless plating (LIEP) process” is a simple process to obtain localized metal plating onto flexible polymers such as poly(ethylene terephtalate) and polyvinylidene fluoride sheets. This generic and cost‐effective process, efficient on any common polymer surface, is based on the covalent grafting by the GraftFast process of a thin chelating polymer film, such as poly(acrylic acid), which can complex copper ions. The entrapped copper ions are then chemically reduced in situ and the resulting Cu⁰ species act as a seed layer for the electroless copper growth which, thus, starts inside the host polymer. The present work focuses on the application of the LIEP process to the patterning of localized metallic tracks via two simple lithographic methods. The first is based on a standard photolithography process using a positive photoresist masking to prevent the covalent grafting of PAA in designated areas of the polymer substrate. In the second, the patterning is performed by direct printing of the mask with a commercial laser printer. In both cases, the mask was lifted off before the copper electroless plating step, which provides ecological benefits, since only the amount of copper necessary for the metallic patterning is used.     

Strong Electronic Interaction between Amorphous MnO2 Nanosheets and Ultrafine Pd Nanoparticles toward Enhanced Oxygen Reduction and Ethylene Glycol Oxidation Reactions

Strengthening the interface interaction between metal and support is an efficient strategy to improve the intrinsic activity and reduce the amount of noble metal. Amorphization of support is an effective approach for enhancing the metal-support interaction due to the numerous surface defects in amorphous structure. In this work, a Pd/a-MnO₂ electrocatalyst containing ultrafine and well-dispersive Pd nanoparticles and amorphous MnO₂ nanosheets is successfully synthesized via a simple and rapid wet chemical method. Differing from the crystal counterpart (Pd/c-MnO₂), the flexible structure of amorphous support can be more favorable to electron transfer and further enhance the metal-support interaction. The synergism between Pd and amorphous MnO₂ results in the downshift of the d-band center, which is beneficial for the desorption of critical intermediates both in oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and in ethylene glycol oxidation (EGOR). Due to the lower *^.OH desorption energy of Pd/a-MnO₂ surface, the rapid dissociation of *OH from Pd facilitates the formation of H₂O in ORR, thus demonstrating superior ORR performance comparable to Pt/C. For EGOR, the presence of amorphous MnO₂ promotes the formation of adsorbed OH species, which accelerates the desorption of intermediate CO from Pd sites, and thus exhibits excellent EGOR activity and stability.     

Thin ferroelectric poly(vinylidene fluoride-chlorotrifluoro ethylene) films for thermal history independent non-volatile polymer memory

In this study, we investigated the molecular and microstructures of thin poly(vinylidene fluoride-chlorotrifluoro ethylene) (PVDF-CTFE) copolymer films with three different CTFE compositions of 10, 15, 20 wt% with respect to PVDF in relation with their ferroelectric properties. All PVDF-CTFE annealed at 130 °C showed consecutive TTTT trans conformation with β type crystals while films molten and re-crystallized from a temperature above their melting points exhibited α type crystals with characteristic TGTG conformation. Microstructures of the films treated with the two different thermal histories also supported the formation of β and α type crystals with hundreds of nanometer scale sphere caps and micron level spherulites, respectively. Interestingly, PVDF-CTFE films with both α and β type crystals gave rise to relatively high remnant polarization of approximately 4 μC/cm² in metal/ferroelectric/metal capacitors regardless of the composition of CTFE. The ferroelectric polarization of a PVDF-CTFE film independent of thermal processing history allowed a wide processing window and easy fabrication protocol, resulting in a non-volatile ferroelectric field effect transistor memory which exhibited saturated hysteresis loops with the current ON/OFF ratio of approximately 10³ at ±60 V sweep and reliable data retention.     

Engineering Silver-Enriched Copper Core-Shell Electrocatalysts to Enhance the Production of Ethylene and C2+ Chemicals from Carbon Dioxide at Low Cell Potentials

Copper catalysts are widely studied for the electroreduction of carbon dioxide (CO₂) to value-added hydrocarbon products. Controlling the surface composition of copper nanomaterials may provide the electronic and structural properties necessary for carbon-carbon coupling, thus increasing the Faradaic efficiency (FE) towards ethylene and other multi-carbon (C₂₊) products. Synthesis and catalytic study of silver-coated copper nanoparticles (Cu@Ag NPs) for the reduction of CO₂ are presented. Bimetallic CuAg NPs are typically difficult to produce due to the bulk immiscibility between these two metals. Slow injection of the silver precursor, concentrations of organic capping agents, and gas environment proved critical to control the size and metal distribution of the Cu@Ag NPs. The optimized Cu@Ag electrocatalyst exhibited a very low onset cell potential of −2.25 V for ethylene formation, reaching a FE towards C₂₊ products (FE_C2+) of 43% at −2.50 V, which is 1.0 V lower than a reference Cu catalyst to reach a similar FE_C2+. The high ethylene formation at low potentials is attributed to enhanced C C coupling on the Ag enriched shell of the Cu@Ag electrocatalysts. This study offers a new catalyst design towards increasing the efficiency for the electroreduction of CO₂ to value-added chemicals.