膨化方便食品的质量控制手段

根据膨化方便食品（油炸、挤压膨化食品）的加工、保藏和包装特点，分析了控制膨化方便食品质量的手段。     

Mg-5.5Zn-2Gd-0.6Zr合金的简化SIMA法等温半固态组织粗化规律

研究了简化应变诱发激活(SIMA)工艺条件下Mg-5.5Zn-2Gd-0.6Zr挤压态镁合金在不同等温温度(600,610和620℃)和不同等温时间条件下的微观组织演变规律。结果表明,在相同等温温度条件下,α(Mg)晶粒直径与等温时间之间符合关系式3 30d?d?Kt,粗化速率常数K随等温温度的升高而增大;实验合金的粗化机制符合Monson-Whitton等提出的改进的液膜迁移理论模型。分析发现,实验合金的纵向组织α(Mg)晶粒粗化速率大于其横向组织α(Mg)晶粒粗化速率,这是简化SIMA法工艺在制备半固态触变浆料时存在组织不均匀现象的根本原因。     

小分子封闭提高固定化青霉素酰化酶的稳定性

为提高青霉素酰化酶的催化性能和热稳定性,在酶组装过程中添加小分子试剂对介孔泡沫硅载体表面过量的活化位点进行封闭。详细考察了小分子添加质量分数和种类对青霉素酰化酶负载率、催化活力及热稳定性的影响。实验结果得到:经精氨酸封闭的固定化酶活力提高至1.92倍;甘氨酸封闭的固定化酶5 h的50℃热稳定性提高至2.9倍,甘氨酸和谷氨酸封闭的固定化酶50℃热处理25 h仍保持87.9%和82.2%的残余活力;甘氨酸和谷氨酸封闭的固定化酶最适催化pH值向中性偏移且对pH值的耐受性增强。结果表明,在青霉素酰化酶共价组装过程中添加合适的小分子封闭能显著提高酶的催化性能和热稳定性。     

Novel Foams Based on Freeze‐Dried Renewable Vital Wheat Gluten

A new way of producing rigid or semi‐rigid foams from vital wheat gluten using a freeze‐drying process is reported. Water/gluten‐based mixtures were frozen and freeze‐dried. Different foam structures were obtained by varying the mixing process and wheat gluten concentration, or by adding glycerol or bacterial cellulose nanofibers. MIP revealed that the foams had mainly an open porosity peaking at 93%. The average pore diameter ranged between 20 and 73 µm; the sample with the highest wheat gluten concentration and no plasticizer had the smallest pores. Immersion tests with limonene revealed that the foams rapidly soaked up the liquid. An especially interesting feature of the low‐wheat‐concentration foams was the “in situ” created soft‐top‐rigid‐bottom foams.

     

工业建筑中挤扩桩的应用

挤扩桩是一种新型桩,具有抗震性好、沉降变形小等诸多优点。在工业建筑冶金高炉、煤泥矸石发电厂、越南(煤头)化肥工程中应用了挤扩桩,取得了很好的工程效益,节省了投资,缩短了工期,提高了桩的承载力,可以在工业建筑中推广应用。     

莱蒙·水榭山花园复合外墙建筑节能施工技术

水榭山庄花园设计为高档别墅区,外墙采用建筑节能复合保温墙,通过样板先行、后大面积施工,明确施工工艺及标准,有效进行了施工过程中的质量控制,可为同类项目施工提供参考。     

挤压式混凝土边墙施工技术

挤压式混凝土边墙施工技术是混凝土面板堆石坝上游坡面施工的新方法,该技术可以替代传统工艺中垫层料的超填、削坡、修整、碾压、坡面防护等工艺等工序,简化了施工程序,降低了工程投资,加快了施工进度,通过采用针对性的坡面处理措施,可以保证及提高工程质量,改善面板的变形及受力状态,在混凝土面板堆石坝设计及施工中推广应用。     

Improvement of the surface quality of foam injection molded products from a material property perspective

Microcellular injection molding is an attractive method. However, their surface imperfections have been a major problem hindering wide industrial applications. Several methods have been proposed to improve the surface appearance of foams. In this study, we proposed a method to improve the surface appearance of polypropylene (PP) foams from the material property perspective, especially with regard to crystallization and viscosity. The basic idea of the surface improvement is to reduce the size of bubbles generated at the flow front, delay the solidification behavior of the polymer at the mold interface, squeeze the bubbles existing at the mold–polymer interface, and redissolve the bubbles into the polymer by holding pressure. Blending a low-modulus PP delays the crystallization of the polymers at the skin layer and solidification, taking enough time to squeeze the bubbles smaller. A sorbitol-based gelling agent, bis-O-([4 methylphenyl]methylene)-D-Glucitol, was used to increase the viscosity at a low strain rate to reduce the size of the bubbles generated at the flow front during the filling stage. The foam injection molding experiments demonstrated that the proposed method effectively improved the surface appearance of the foams. In particular, the surface appearance of the foams became almost equivalent to that of solid samples using low-modulus PP.     

Foaming behavior of polyamide 1212 elastomers/polyurethane composites with improved melt strength and interfacial compatibility via chain extension

Long carbon chain thermoplastic polyamide elastomer (TPAE) with PA1212 as hard segment and polytetrahydrofuran as soft segment was synthesized successfully. Subsequently, thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) incorporated to compensate for the high cost of TPAE and improved the foaming performance, in which a chain extender (ADR) was applied to enhance melt strength and interfacial compatibility simultaneously. The effect of ADR content on the mechanical, thermal, rheological, and foaming properties of TPAE/TPU composites were investigated in detail. It was found that the composite foams showed a more perfect cell structure, high cell density, and increased expansion ratio because of the enhanced melt strength and interfacial compatibility, when ADR was incorporated. With the increase of ADR content, the cell size and expansion ratio of the composite foams with TPU content of 30% showed a trend of first increasing and the following decreasing. The cell size reached a maximum value when the content of ADR was 2%, which was 25.81 μm. Consequently, the obtained TPAE/TPU composite foams showed an outstanding compressive modulus and resilient performance to broaden its application in footwear industry.     

Lightweight and flame retardant fluorosilicone rubber composited foam prepared by supercritical nitrogen

Improving the flame retardancy and lightweight of fluorosilicone rubber (FSR) foam is important for its application in aerospace, rail transportation, petrochemical equipment, etc. In this work, ammonium polyphosphate (APP) and expandable graphite (EG) were used as synergistic flame retardants, and the lightweight FSR composite foam with flame retardancy was prepared by supercritical N₂ foaming. When there were 12.5 phr APP and 7.5 phr EG, the composite foam with density of 0.254 g/cm³ showed superiority in foaming performance and flame retardancy, and the limit oxygen index was 36.4%, the UL-94 grade reached V-0, the ignition time was 12 s and the fire performance index was 0.071 s·m²/kW. In addition, the aging, oil and solvent resistance of FSR foam was not affected. This work provided data support for the production and application of the flame retardant FSR foam.