保温板质量良莠不齐 产品标准亟待修订——对南京地产挤塑保温板质量的调查

针对市场上挤塑保温板的质量状况,对部分保温板生产企业进行的专项检查报告揭示了目前挤塑保温板的质量问题,特别是部分企业生产工艺不符合标准要求,其产品未经出厂检验或未按标准规定的技术要求检验,产品性能也不符合标准要求。检查报告还对现行的GB/T10801.2-2002国家标准提出了需要进一步改进和完善的建议。     

Rapeseed or linseed in grass-based diets: Effects on conjugated linoleic and conjugated linolenic acid isomers in milk fat from Holstein cows over 2 consecutive lactations

Changes in the distribution of conjugated linoleic (CLA) and conjugated linolenic (CLnA) acid isomers in milk from Holstein cows in response to 4 different oilseed supplements rich in either cis-9 18:1 or 18:3n-3 were determined over 2 consecutive lactations in 58 and 35 cows during the first and second years, respectively. For the first 5 wk of the first lactation, all cows were fed the same diet. Thereafter, cows received 1 of 5 treatments for 2 consecutive lactations, including the prepartum period. Treatments comprised the basal diet with no additional lipid, or supplements of extruded linseeds (EL), extruded rapeseeds (ER), cold-pressed fat-rich rapeseed meal, or whole unprocessed rapeseeds to provide 2.5 to 3.0% of additional oil in diet dry matter. During indoor periods, cows were housed and received a mixture (3:1, wt/wt) of grass silage and hay, whereas cows were at pasture during outdoor periods. Over the entire study, EL resulted in the enrichment of ?11,13 CLA, ?12,14 CLA, trans-9,trans-11 CLA, trans-13,trans-15 CLA, ?9,11,15 CLnA, and cis-9,trans-11,trans-13 CLnA (identified for the first time in bovine milk fat) in milk fat, whereas ER and cold-pressed fat-rich rapeseed meal in particular, increased milk fat trans-7,cis-9 CLA concentration. With the exception of the first indoor period, whole unprocessed rapeseeds decreased cis-9,trans-11 CLA, trans-9,cis-11 CLA, and trans-10,trans-12 CLA abundance. During the second indoor period, EL increased milk trans-9,cis-11 CLA and trans-10,cis-12 CLA concentrations, but the increases in cis-9,trans-11 CLA, cis-12,trans-14 CLA, trans-11,cis-13 CLA, and cis-9,trans-11,cis-15 CLnA concentrations to EL and ER were lower for the second than first indoor period. In contrast to the indoor periods, EL and ER decreased milk cis-9,trans-11 CLA, trans-9,cis-11 CLA, and trans-10,cis-12 CLA concentrations at pasture. The extent of changes in the relative distribution and abundance of CLA and CLnA isomers in milk fat were related to the nature (rapeseed or linseed) and form of oilseed (extruded, cold-pressed fat-rich meal or whole unprocessed) supplement and their interactions with the composition of the basal diet (conserved grass or pasture and dietary starch content). Furthermore, milk fat CLA and CLnA responses to treatments were repeatable between both outdoor periods. Variations in milk fat content and yield measured during the entire study were significantly and inversely associated with milk trans-10 18:1, trans-10,cis-12 CLA, and in particular, trans-9,cis-11 CLA concentrations.     

Catalytic partial oxidation of CH4–H2 mixtures over Ni foams modified with Rh and Pt

The catalytic partial oxidation (CPO) of methane–hydrogen mixtures in air, intended for the first stage of hybrid radiant catalytic burners, was investigated under self-sustained short contact time conditions on commercial Ni foam catalysts eventually modified with Rh and Pt. The modified catalysts were prepared by a simple novel method based on the spontaneous deposition of noble metals via metal exchange reactions onto those Ni foam substrates. SEM-EDS, electrochemical methods and H₂-TPR analysis were integrated to characterize morphology, surface area of metal deposits and reducibility of foam catalysts before and after exposure to severe conditions in the CPO reactor. In particular Rh forms finely dispersed deposits that retain their high specific surface area at temperatures up ca. 1100 °C. Modification with noble metals enhances stability and reducibility of the Ni foam whereas the overall CPO performance is not significantly improved. Safe operation of the CPO reactor with up to 70% vol. H₂ in the fuel mixture has been achieved by properly increasing the feed equivalence ratio to avoid catalyst overheating, while guaranteeing high methane conversions and a persistent net hydrogen production.     

聚氨酯泡沫在环境领域的应用及其回收处理

总结了聚氨酯泡沫在环境领域的应用开发,包括利用聚氨酯泡沫作为水处理金属离子吸附剂、气固废吸附材料基材、废水处理用微生物载体。综述了废旧聚氨酯泡沫回收处理及利用方法,重点阐述了物理回收法、化学回收法中的醇解、水解、氨解、热解法等。最后对各类回收方法进行了总结比较。     

增塑挤压成形钨基合金棒材溶剂-热二步脱脂工艺研究

大长径比钨基合金棒材制备的关键是成形、脱脂和后续的烧结控制.基于增塑挤压成形的研究,对Ф24 mm钨基合金挤压棒坯的快速无缺陷脱脂,即溶剂-热二步脱脂工艺进行了研究.结果表明:在溶剂脱脂温度为45℃,脱脂12 h后,Ф24 mm钨基合金棒材一次脱脂率达45%;在溶剂脱指过程中增加干燥阶段,脱脂率可达70%以上;在真空气氛下对脱脂棒材进行后续热脱脂,坯体保形性好,且在12 h内,脱脂可以全部完成.采用溶剂-热二步脱脂工艺可以实现Ф24 mm钨基合金挤压棒材的快速无缺陷脱脂.     

粉末冶金法制备SiC_p/2024Al泡沫复合材料的表征(英文)

为了丰富泡沫材料制备工艺、推动其快速发展与广泛应用,以CaCO3为发泡剂采用粉末冶金法制备SiCp/2024Al泡沫复合材料。采用SEM和Magiscan-2A图像分析仪研究了CaCO3发泡剂和SiC颗粒的含量对发泡行为的影响,并且通过Gleeble 1500热模拟机分析了SiC颗粒的含量对压缩性能的影响。结果表明:随着发泡剂的增多,孔隙率和孔径先增加后减小。随着增强体含量的增加,孔隙率和孔径都减小。压缩曲线揭示加入增强体可以改善压缩屈服强度和吸能能力。SiCp/2024Al泡沫复合材料显示为脆性泡沫材料。     

扁挤压筒在36MN镁挤压机上的应用

扁挤压筒可以为扁宽型材挤压提供更有利的金属流动条件,并降低挤压力。在36MN镁挤压机上应用扁挤压筒实现了扁宽型材挤压生产,生产实际经验表明:扁挤压筒内衬应进行优化设计,尽可能降低应力,同时也要保证加工质量,避免产生加工应力;扁挤压筒选材应保证较高强度,并具有良好的热疲劳性能、热稳定性能和加工性能;扁挤压筒外套对应内孔短边的位置应适当减少加热管孔,以利于扁挤压筒整体温度均匀变化;扁挤压筒应进行温度控制和调节,防止其因过热而产生塑性变形。     

工艺因素对PCM法制备泡沫铝孔结构的影响

介绍了Al粉球磨时间、Mg粉添加量、TiH2的氧化时间三个工艺因素的交互作用对PCM法制备泡沫铝孔结构的影响。得出影响试验结果的首要因素是TiH2的氧化时间,其次是Al粉球磨时间、Mg粉添加量。当TiH2的氧化时间为10 min、Al粉球磨时间为85min、Mg粉添加量为0.5%时,得到的泡沫铝试样孔隙率为84.2%,平均当量圆直径为1.901 mm,平均圆形度为0.754。     

Evaluation of flexible postconsumed polyurethane foams modified by polystyrene grafting as sorbent material for oil spills

This work studies the possibility of reusing flexible postconsumed polyurethane foams modified by grafting with polystyrene as a sorbent material for the mitigation of oil spills. Different foams were evaluated via crude oil sorption and retention experiments, density, and morphological analyses. The foams with the best performance were chemically modified by grafting with polystyrene under different conditions (initiator concentration, styrene volume, and reaction time) in a system initiated by oxi‐reduction of Ce(IV) from an amoniacal ceric nitrate solution. A three‐level factorial design was used to study the influence of the variables. The foams were characterized via spectroscopy (XPS/ESCA and infrared) and water and oil sorption. Foam modification via grafting with polystyrene showed to be a viable alternative to increase its oil sorption ability. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009