Evaluation and characterization of ammoniumpolyphosphate–pentaerythritol‐based systems for intumescent coatings

Intumescent coatings are increasingly used as a method of passive fire protection on steel constructions. By forming a carbon network and releasing a blowing agent, the thin intumescent film swells 100‐fold at elevated temperatures. The highly insulating foam effectively prevents the load bearing steel from reaching its critical temperature at which it looses its mechanical properties and collapses. The role of the carbon donor in intumescent coatings has been studied. Comparison in temperature development, foaming ratios, and rheological behavior has been performed between formulations containing pentaerythritol (penta), di–penta, and tri–penta. A simulated fire test, in which the temperature development during intumescence was studied, showed that the formulations containing penta were considerably more efficient in keeping a low temperature throughout the process. A more rapid temperature development was displayed when using di–penta and tri–penta as the carbon donor. Rheometer tests indicate that penta formulations enter the intumescent process at a lower temperature and stays in it for a longer time than di–penta and tri–penta formulations. Furthermore, the crossover temperature and maximum phase angle are shifted towards higher temperatures by replacing penta with di–penta and with tri–penta in the formulations, respectively. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 104: 748–753, 2007     

Surface hydrolysis of filaments based on poly(trimethylene terephthalate) spun at high spinning speeds

The surface alkaline hydrolysis of fibers made from poly(trimethylene terephthalate) (PTT) was studied after extruding the polymer at high spinning speeds from 2000 to 6000 m/min and heat setting in the range of temperatures from 100 to 180°C. Fiber weight loss increased with an increasing heat‐setting temperature but it was also dependent on the spinning speed. Some of the partially hydrolyzed fibers had a well‐developed, hydrophilic surface, and pore size in the range of 0.69 to 1.20 μm. The optimum reaction and morphological conditions for increasing porosity in PTT fibers depends on spinning speed and heat‐setting temperature. A temperature of 180°C is the upper limit for heat‐setting PTT filaments but seems to be the most effective for making porous fibers. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 92: 1724–1730, 2004     

陶瓷材料断裂韧性测试新技术：静态爆破剂预制裂纹的研究

准确测试陶瓷材料断裂韧性Ｋ１Ｃ的关键是预制具有原生裂纹的试样。本文以单边切口梁法测试Ｋ１Ｃ为基础，提出了一种简便而有效的陶瓷材料原生裂纹的预制方法－静态膨胀法。研究结果表明：静态膨胀法中裂纹的扩展是稳态的；通过调节影响微裂纹产生与扩展的多种因素，可以准确地控制裂纹扩展的深度，预制出合适的原生裂纹，为准确评价结构陶瓷的断裂韧性提供了一种有效可行的方法。     

LDPE／LLDPE共混物熔体挤出流动性的研究

考察了毛细管挤出过程中LDPE/LLDPE共混物熔体的流动行为及其影响因素。发现熔体的末端压力损失△P_(end)随LDPE的质量分数Φ_(LD)的增加而增大,并与表现剪切速率γ成指数律关系;熔体的剪切流动大体上服从指数律;熔体粘度对剪切速率的敏感性随着Φ_(LD)的增加而增强,而对温度的依赖关系可由形如Arrhenius方程的表达式描述。     

热膨胀硅橡胶在复合材料成型工艺中的应用

简要介绍了热膨胀硅橡胶的性能和特点,热膨胀模成型工艺的原理,并应用其研制了复合材料制件。热膨胀硅橡胶适于制造热膨胀芯模。     

低温快烧无铅精陶釉的研制

采用高温熔融法制备了适用精陶的低温无铅熔块，并应用热膨胀分析仪、SEM等方法研究了精陶釉的光泽度、热稳定性、热膨胀系数等性能。结果表明：采用Li2O，SrO，B2O3等复合熔剂，可以制备出光泽度高，热稳定好，坯釉膨胀系数匹配，结合良好，适于低温快烧工艺的无铅精陶釉。     

热处理制度对高ZnO含量的Li2O-Al2O3-SiO2系统玻璃析晶及热膨胀系数的影响

以TiO2 ZrO2 P2O5为复合成核剂,采用传统熔融冷却法获得了高ZnO含量的Li2O-A l2O3-SiO2系统的基础玻璃。通过差热分析确定了该玻璃的热处理条件、晶化性能,利用梯温炉实验、X射线衍射分析和扫描电镜对晶化试样的物相和微观结构进行了研究,讨论了热处理制度对玻璃的析晶及热膨胀系数的影响。研究结果表明:含10%(质量分数)ZnO的LAS系统样品玻璃最佳核化温度为(710±2)℃,玻璃的晶化活化能E为(275±2)kJ/mol,晶化指数n为3.11±0.2,样品玻璃在较低温度下失透,并且随着晶化温度升高,样品的热膨胀系数加大。     

Classification of cardiac sound signals using constrained tunable-Q wavelet transform

The features extracted from the cardiac sound signals are commonly used for detection and identification of heart valve disorders. In this paper, we present a new method for classification of cardiac sound signals using constrained tunable-Q wavelet transform (TQWT). The proposed method begins with a constrained TQWT based segmentation of cardiac sound signals into heart beat cycles. The features obtained from heart beat cycles of separately reconstructed heart sounds and murmur can better represent the various types of cardiac sound signals than that from containing both. Therefore, heart sounds and murmur have been separated using constrained TQWT. Then the proposed novel raw feature set has been created by the parameters that have been optimized while constraining the output of TQWT together with that of extracted by using time-domain representation and Fourier–Bessel (FB) expansion of separated heart sounds and murmur. However, the adaptively selected features have been used to obtain the final feature set for subsequent classification of cardiac sound signals using least squares support vector machine (LS-SVM) with various kernel functions. The performance of the proposed method has been validated with publicly available datasets and the results have been compared with the existing short-time Fourier transform (STFT) based method. The proposed method shows higher percentage classification accuracy of 94.01 as compared to 93.53 of STFT based method. In comparison with STFT based method, it is noteworthy that the proposed method uses well defined and lower dimensionality of feature vector that can reduce the computational complexity.     

结合相关规则和本体加权图的查询扩展

针对现有信息检索系统查询性能的不足,提出了一种结合相关规则和WordNet本体信息的查询扩展方法.该方法借助相关规则挖掘和WordNet本体信息构建加权词语关系图,并根据加权图的结构和权重信息计算扩展词的重要性.查询时,从这个图中取原查询词的最邻近词作为扩展词来源,选取其中权重最大的p个词返回并进行二次检索.在实现算法的基础上,通过Lucene全文检索器进行实验,将所得的结果值F1与其他算法的结果作比较.比较结果表明,该方法比不作扩展的检索有约16.93％的性能提升.     

聚合物熔体在圆锥短口模的挤出胀大方程

深入讨论了聚合物熔体在不同长径比、不同角度圆锥短口模的挤出胀大现象及机理，利用生产用挤出机进行不同角度的圆锥短口模实验。结果表明，圆锥短口模挤出过程中，熔体在收敛流道受到拉伸流变，导致强烈的入口弹性效应，表现为熔体在短口模挤出时显著的挤出胀大。理论和实验研究结果进一步表明不同圆锥口模入口角对实验材料表现出有不同的挤出胀大值。