The time course of plausibility effects on eye movements in reading: Evidence from noun-noun compounds.

Readers' eye movements were monitored as they read sentences containing noun-noun compounds that varied in frequency (e.g., elevator mechanic, mountain lion). The left constituent of the compound was either plausible or implausible as a head noun at the point at which it appeared, whereas the compound as a whole was always plausible. When the head noun analysis of the left constituent was implausible, reading times on this word were inflated, beginning with the first fixation. This finding is consistent with previous demonstrations of very rapid effects of plausibility on eye movements. Compound frequency did not modulate the plausibility effect, and all disruption was resolved by the time readers' eyes moved to the next word. These findings suggest (contra Kennison, 2005) that the parser initially analyzes a singular noun as a head instead of a modifier. In addition, the findings confirm that the very rapid effect of plausibility on eye movements is not due to strategic factors, because in the present experiment, unlike in previous demonstrations, this effect appeared in sentences that were globally plausible. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Programming tool-use actions.

When humans plan to execute a tool-use action, they can only specify the bodily movement parameters by taking into account the external target or goal of the tool-use action and the target-movement mapping implemented by the tool. In this study, the authors used the movement precuing method to investigate how people prepare for actions made with tools. More specifically, they asked whether people would be able to specify the spatial target and the target-movement mapping of the tool-use action independently of each other, and to what degree they would be able to prepare these components in advance. In 3 experiments, they precued either the target or the target-movement mapping of tool-use actions involving either a compatible or an incompatible target-movement mapping. Results indicate that participants benefit from partial advance information about the target-movement mapping, whereas no significant effects were found for precuing the spatial target of the action. These results occurred regardless of whether the target-movement mapping was compatible or incompatible and provide evidence for the notion that the target-movement mapping of a tool-use action is part of its cognitive representation. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

输气干线单个分输站站址最优化研究

输气干线分输站站址规划设计合理与否，直接影响到分输站至各城市门站之间输气管线总投资和未来管网系统的发展。为此,着重讨论并建立了以分输站站址、各城市门站与分输站之间管道直径、壁厚、分输站压力为设计变量，以各城市门站与分输站之间管道投资最小为目标函数的分输站站址优化数学模型。根据模型特点，采用混合离散变量复合形法与数据库技术相结合来求解分输站站址。以此站址为参考点，结合现场勘察，在参考点附近沿输气干线预选多个分输站站址，并对影响分输站建设和管理的环境因素用多目标模糊评价方法进行综合评价，以评价效果好的站址为最优分输站站址。用算例说明了分输站站址优化结果不仅与工艺参数变化有关，且与分输站所处环境因素有关。提出还应深入研究输气干线中具有多个分输站的站址优化问题。     

建设工程项目招投标规范化可拓综合评判

为了客观、准确地对招投标的规范化进行评判，依据《中华人民共和国招标投标法》选取公开、公平、公正和诚实信用四大指标为招投标规范化的评判特征因子。在此基础上，引入可拓学理论，建立了招投标规范化评判物元模型，给出了基于关联函数的可拓评判方法。并结合某招投标活动，实际评判了其规范化综合水平。     

微波干燥原理及其应用

介绍了微波干燥的原理和主要特点及其应用的现状,并且给出了微波干燥经济核算的计算方法。     

关于建立纺织用染化料生态安全性评价体系的设想

从可持续发展战略和“绿色”、环保、生态等方面的需要提出关于建立纺织用染化料生态安全性评价体系的意义，并建议了列入安全性评价体系的项目及实施办法，同时也提出了需要解决的问题。     

液体酚型抗氧剂的制备及性能评定

以2，6-二叔丁基苯酚和丙烯酸酯为主要原料制备出一种液体酚型抗氧剂新产品羟基苯基丙酸酯化合物(LA0)。对制备的LAO的结构、组成及理化性能特别是抗氧化性能进行了分析评定。结果表明：LAO具有油溶性好、使用方便、特别是高温抗氧化能力强等优点，质量达到国外同类优质产品水平，并具有良好的环保性。     

Neural components of social evaluation.

Evaluative responses appear to involve 2 seemingly distinct sets of processes: those that are automatically activated and others that are more consciously controlled. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging, the authors investigated the brain systems associated with automatic and controlled evaluative processing. Participants made either evaluative (good-bad) or nonevaluative (past-present) judgments about famous names. Greater amygdala activity was observed for names rated as "bad" relative to those rated as "good," regardless of whether the task directly involved an evaluative judgment (good-bad) or not (past-present). Good-bad judgments resulted in greater medial and ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (PFC) activity than past-present judgments. Furthermore, there was greater ventrolateral PFC activity in good-bad judgments marked by greater ambivalence. Together, these findings indicate a neural distinction between processes engaged for automatic and controlled evaluation. Whereas automatic processes are sensitive to simple valence, controlled processes are sensitive to attitudinal complexity. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Contributions of Oral and Extraoral Facial Movement to Visual and Audiovisual Speech Perception.

Seeing a talker's face influences auditory speech recognition, but the visible input essential for this influence has yet to be established. Using a new seamless editing technique, the authors examined effects of restricting visible movement to oral or extraoral areas of a talking face. In Experiment 1, visual speech identification and visual influences on identifying auditory speech were compared across displays in which the whole face moved, the oral area moved, or the extraoral area moved. Visual speech influences on auditory speech recognition were substantial and unchanging across whole-face and oral-movement displays. However, extraoral movement also influenced identification of visual and audiovisual speech. Experiments 2 and 3 demonstrated that these results are dependent on intact and upright facial contexts, but only with extraoral movement displays. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

应用杜邦财务分析体系对企业进行绩效评价

随着我国企业经营机制的不断完善,企业內部经营管理水平不断提升,越来越要求企业重视财务分析。通过对杜邦财务分析体系的介绍,结合实例应用杜邦财务分析体系对企业进行绩效评价,意在对各企业正确应用杜邦财务分析体系,揭示在经营目标发生异动时查明原因,并为企业采取措施修正指标指明方向。