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41.
Material flow and microstructure in the friction stir butt welds of the same and dissimilar aluminum alloys 总被引:20,自引:0,他引:20
The material flow and microstructural evolution in the friction stir welds of a 6061-Al alloy to itself and of a 6061-Al alloy
to 2024-Al alloy plates of 12.7 mm in thickness were studied under different welding conditions. The results showed that plastic
deformation, flow, and mechanical mixing of the material exhibit distinct asymmetry characteristics at both sides of the same
and dissimilar welds. The microstructure in dissimilar 6061-Al/2024-Al welds is significantly different from that in the welds
of a 6061-Al alloy to itself. Vortex-like structures featured by the concentric flow lines for a weld of 6061-Al alloy to
itself, and alternative lamellae with different alloy constituents for a weld of 6061-Al to 2024-Al alloy, are attributed
to the stirring action of the threaded tool, in situ extrusion, and traverse motion along the welding direction. The mutual
mixing in the dissimilar metal welds is intimate and far from complete. However, the bonding between the two Al-alloys is
clearly complete. Three different regions in the nugget zone of dissimilar 6061-Al/2024-Al welds are classified by the mechanically
mixed region (MMR) characterized by the relatively dispersed particles of different alloy constituents, the stirring-induced
plastic flow region (SPFR) consisting of alternative vortex-like lamellae of the two Al-alloys, and the unmixed region (UMR)
consisting of fine equiaxed grains of the 6061-Al alloy. Within all of these three regions, the material is able to withstand
a very high degree of plastic deformation due to the presence of dynamic recovery or recrystallization of the microstructure.
The degree of material mixing, the thickness of the deformed Al-alloy lamellae, and the material flow patterns depend on the
related positions in the nugget zone and the processing parameters. Distinct fluctuations of hardness are found to correspond
to the microstructural changes throughout the nugget zone of dissimilar welds. 相似文献
42.
针对机电作动系统在低速阶段摩擦非线性明显且同时存在其他干扰,易导致系统跟踪精度、稳定性下降这一问题,设计基于非线性观测器摩擦补偿的自适应鲁棒控制器. 针对摩擦非线性,利用LuGre摩擦模型描述系统的摩擦现象,提出非线性观测器对模型的内部摩擦状态进行观测. 针对系统摩擦系数、转动惯量及其他不确定性参数,设计参数自适应律进行估计. 利用前馈补偿的方法,对摩擦非线性和参数不确定性进行补偿,设计鲁棒项克服系统的其他扰动. 利用Lyapunov稳定性定理证明了提出的控制器在存在扰动的情况下可以实现系统的有界稳定性. 实验结果表明,提出的控制器具有较高的控制精度与较强的鲁棒性,跟踪精度较传统的PID控制器提高了一个数量级. 相似文献
43.
卡盘的若干设计计算问题 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
徐祖宽 《中国有色金属学报》1996,6(3):11-14
以“夹持系数”取代传统的摩擦系数;对卡盘的主要零件重新进行了受力分析,推导出能满足各零件设计计算之用的计算公式;并提出了提高卡盘夹持能力的有效措施:(1)减小卡瓦和卡圈斜面之间的摩擦系数;(2)提高卡瓦和主动钻杆之间的夹持系数 相似文献
44.
S. Kapi
ski 《Journal of Materials Processing Technology》1996,60(1-4):197-200
The paper presents the concepts of solving of deep drawing process for bimetal elements of sheet materials. The inertia forces, plastic hardening behaviour of the deformed material and dynamic stress are utilized in the problems of plasticity. The experimental results and general conclusion are presented at the end of the paper. 相似文献
45.
基于现场试验,采用Abaqus有限元软件对等截面桩及变截面桩单桩竖向承载力测试实验过程进行数值模拟。结果表明:弹性变形阶段,竖向荷载-沉降曲线呈线性变化趋势,等截面桩比变截面桩桩身沉降较小;塑性屈服阶段,等截面桩与变截面桩单桩承载力几乎一致。变截面位置对桩侧摩阻力沿深度的分布有一定影响,最大侧摩阻力位置根据变截面的位置而变化。变截面桩的平均侧摩阻力较等截面桩的平均侧摩阻力大,变截面桩侧摩阻力效果较等截面桩更有优势。在相同承载力条件下,变截面桩所耗费的材料较等截面少,对于竖向承载特性,变截面桩与等截面桩表现基本一致,因此使用变截面桩能节约工程成本。 相似文献
46.
Dongmei Hu Jin Du Guosheng Su Zhenyun Lu Chongyan Zhang Xiangmin Kong Chonghai Xu 《International Journal of Applied Ceramic Technology》2021,18(4):1222-1234
The hardness and toughness of regenerated cemented carbides, in general, are contradictory. Therefore, it is critical to explore regenerated cemented carbides with both high hardness and high toughness. In this study, regenerated WC-8-wt% Co cemented carbide with SiC nanowhisker were prepared by low-pressure sintering. The influence of SiCw contents on the microstructure and mechanical properties of regenerated WC-8-wt% Co cemented carbide was investigated. The results indicated that the hardness, density, flexural strength, and fracture toughness of regenerated cemented carbide first increased and then decreased with the addition of SiCw. The Vickers hardness, density, flexural strength, and fracture toughness could reach 1575 HV, 14.6 g/cm3, 2204 MPa, 16.85 MPa·m1/2, respectively, with SiCw content 0.5 wt%, which were increased by 14.4%, 0.7%, 12.2%, and 17.3%, respectively, when compared with the regenerated cemented carbide without SiCw. The lowest friction coefficient and the best wear resistance could be also reached when 0.5-wt% SiCw was added. The fracture mechanism of the regenerated cemented carbide contained both transgranular and intergranular fracture through the microscopic observation of fracture surface via scanning electron microscope. 相似文献
47.
48.
49.
1.~nonNUInericalmodellingbythefiniteelement(FE)methodhasbecomeaneffectiveandeconomyicmeansforsimulatingmetalfoeingprocesses.However,accuratemodellingdemandsthecorrectdefinitionandinputsofthedataforthethermalandphysicalpIDPertiesoftheworkpieceandtoolmaterials,theboUndaryconditionsattheworkpiece--toolinterfaceandinotherareas,inadditiontoappropriatemeshgenerationandnumericalsolutions.Althoughmostofthematerialdataareavailable,thedataforinterfacialheattransferandfrictionconditions,Whichhavesubst… 相似文献
50.
ZHU Xianfang ZHANG Lide Institute of Solid State Physics Academia Sinica Hefei China Research Assistant Institute of Solid State Physics Academia Sinica Hefei China 《金属学报(英文版)》1989,2(5):315-319
The characteristics of the low frequency internal friction and the modulus effect associatedwith the non-equilibrium spinodal pretransformation and the following discontinuous trans-formation was investigated in an as-quenched eutectiod Al-Zn alloy.It was observed that theloss of the stability in the lattice,which corresponded to the large-amplitude long-wavelengthstatic concentration wave in the non-equilibrium spinodal pretransformation,did not induceany effect of localized soft modulus.Although there are two aging internal friction peaks inphase transformation which correspond to the appearance and disappearance of the coherencyin spinodal pretransformation and the maximum of the interface area in the discontinuoustransformation respectively,the effect of localized soft modulus did not take place yet. 相似文献