伤口修复中抑制瘢痕用功能敷料的研究进展

为实现皮肤伤口的无疤愈合,针对功能敷料在皮肤伤口愈合中所起到的抑制瘢痕作用,对国内外的相关研究进行概括总结。以伤口愈合过程为切入点,从瘢痕形成的影响因素,即外部环境和内部生物信号调控入手,系统分析了伤口愈合不同阶段的不同生理环境和需求下对抑制瘢痕敷料的性能要求。在炎症期、增殖期和重塑期3个阶段中,功能敷料分别以降低炎症反应、调节信号传导和促进组织再生的作用机制来抑制瘢痕的产生。认为瘢痕形成是一个动态连续而又复杂的过程,该过程涉及炎症细胞、角质形成细胞、成纤维细胞以及各类生长因子等物质,指出用于抑制瘢痕的功能敷料要想达到更好的效果,需要注重新型给药系统的研究和敷料结构的优化设计。     

GLIS1 in Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts Regulates the Migration and Invasion of Ovarian Cancer Cells

A cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are the most important players that modulate tumor aggressiveness. In this study, we aimed to identify CAF-related genes in ovarian serous carcinomas (OSC) that account for the high incidence and mortality of ovarian cancers (OCs) and to develop therapeutic targets for tumor microenvironment modulation. Here, we performed a microarray analysis of CAFs isolated from three metastatic and three nonmetastatic OSC tissues and compared their gene expression profiles. Among the genes increased in metastatic CAFs (mCAFs), GLIS1 (Glis Family Zinc Finger 1) showed a significant increase in both the gene mRNA and protein expression levels. Knockdown of GLIS1 in mCAFs significantly inhibited migration, invasion, and wound healing ability of OC cells. In addition, an in vivo study demonstrated that knockdown of GLIS1 in CAFs reduced peritoneal metastasis. Taken together, these results suggest that CAFs support migration and metastasis of OC cells by GLIS1 overexpression. It also indicates GLIS1 in CAFs might be a potential therapeutic target to inhibit OC metastasis.     

积雪草提取物对皮肤细胞生物学特征的影响

通过体外培养角质形成细胞和成纤维细胞,应用XTT方法和流式细胞仪比较研究积雪草苷和羟基积雪草苷对靶细胞增殖和细胞周期的影响。结果显示,积雪草苷和羟基积雪苷在质量浓度高达200μg/mL时未见任何细胞毒性;对人皮肤角质形成细胞和成纤维细胞有明显促进增殖和DNA合成作用(p<0 05);积雪草苷比羟基积雪草苷有更强的生物活性(p<0 05)。     

密码子优化的人成纤维细胞生长因子-21在毕赤酵母中的表达

目的在毕赤酵母中表达密码子优化的人成纤维细胞生长因子-21(hFGF-21),为探讨hFGF-21在糖尿病治疗方面的作用奠定基础。方法经密码子优化合成hFGF-21基因,构建表达载体pPICZαA-hFGF-21,电转化毕赤酵母GS115,斑点免疫印迹法筛选工程菌株,甲醇诱导表达,SDS-PAGE和Western blot分析表达产物,并对诱导条件进行优化。结果重组表达质粒经PCR、双酶切及测序鉴定,证明构建正确。筛选出5株阳性菌株,诱导上清经SDS-PAGE分析,可见相对分子质量约为25000的目的蛋白条带,目的蛋白的表达量约为6μg/L。Westernblot显示该蛋白具有良好的反应原性。诱导96h和培养液pH值为4.0时,目的蛋白的表达量最高,甲醇浓度对表达量无影响。结论已成功构建了密码子优化的hFGF-21真核表达载体,并在毕赤酵母GS115中分泌表达了hFGF-21。     

Anti-angiogenic effect of an insertional fusion protein of human basic fibroblast growth factor and ribonuclease-1

Human pancreatic ribonuclease-1 (RNase1) does not exhibit its cytotoxicity unless it is artificially internalized into the cytosol. Furthermore, once it encounters the cytosolic RNase inhibitor (RI), the activity of RNase1 is seriously reduced. To achieve the cellular targeting of RNase1 and the blocking of RI binding simultaneously, the basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) sequence was inserted into RNase1 at the RI binding site using a gene fusion technique. The effect of this fusion protein, CL-RFN89, on the angiogenesis, which was accelerated by FGF-FGF receptor interaction, was investigated. It was shown by using fluorescein-labeled CL-RFN89, that the binding to human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) was dependent on the existence of the FGF receptors. In addition, CL-RFN89 inhibited the cellular growth of HUVECs in vitro and also inhibited the tube formation, using a three-dimensional tube formation assay. Furthermore, this fusion protein was shown to prevent in vivo tumor cell-induced angiogenesis, using the mouse dorsal air sac assay. These results demonstrated that CL-RFN89 inhibits angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo and that it can be expected to be a potent antiangiogenic agent.     

Insulinoma cell line (MIN6) adhesion and spreading mediated by Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) sequence conjugated in thermo-reversible gel

We have functionalized gels with a putative cell-binding (-Arg-Gly-Asp-) (RGD) domain in an effort to regulate mammalian cell behavior in cells entrapped with gel. Adhesion molecules composed of Gly-Arg-Gly-Asp-Ser (GRGDS) peptides and cell recognition ligands were inculcated into thermo-reversible hydrogel composed of N-isopropylacrylamide, with a small amount of succinyl poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) acrylate (MW 2000) used as a biomimetic extracellular matrix (ECM). The GRGDS-containing p(NiPAAm-co-PEG) copolymer gel was studied in vitro for its ability to promote cell spreading and to increase the viability of cells by introducing PEG spacers. Hydrogel lacking the adhesion molecules proved to be a poor ECM for adhesion, permitting only a 20% spread of the seeded cells after 10 d. When PEG spacer arms, immobilized by a peptide linkage, had been integrated into the hydrogel, conjugation of RGD promoted cell spread by 300% in a 28-d trial. In addition, in a serum-free medium, only GRGDS peptides conjugated with the spacer arm were able to promote cell spread.     

An experimental and molecular-modeling study of the binding of linked sulfated tetracyclitols to FGF-1 and FGF-2

The experimental binding affinities of a series of linked sulfated tetracyclitols [Cyc2N-R-NCyc2, where Cyc = C6H6(OSO3Na)3 and R = (CH2)n (n = 2-10), p-xylyl or (C2H4)2-Ncyc] for the fibroblast growth factors FGF-1 and FGF-2 have been measured by using a surface plasmon resonance assay. The KD values range from 7.0 nM to 1.1 microM for the alkyl-linked ligands. The binding affinity is independent of the flexibility of the linker, as replacement of the alkyl linker with a rigid p-xylyl group did not affect the KD. Calculations suggest that binding modes for the p-xylyl-linked ligand are similar to those calculated for the flexible alkyl-linked tetracyclitols. The possible formation of cross-linked FGF:cyclitol complexes was examined by determining KD values at increasing protein concentrations. No changes in KD were observed; this suggesting that only 1:1 complexes are formed under these assay conditions. Monte Carlo multiple-minima calculations of low-energy conformers of the FGF-bound ligands showed that all of the sulfated tetracyclitol ligands can bind effectively in the heparan sulfate-binding sites of FGF-1 and FGF-2. Binding affinities of these complexes were estimated by the Linear Interaction Energy (LIE) method to within a root-mean-square deviation of 1 kcal mol(-1) of the observed values. The effect of incorporating cations to balance the overall charge of the complexes during the LIE calculations was also explored.     

Chitin and chitosan in selected biomedical applications

Chitin (CT), the well-known natural biopolymer and chitosan (CS) (bio-based or “artificial polymer”) are non-toxic, biodegradable and biocompatible in nature. The advantages of these biomaterials are such that, they can be easily processed into different forms such as membranes, sponges, gels, scaffolds, microparticles, nanoparticles and nanofibers for a variety of biomedical applications such as drug delivery, gene therapy, tissue engineering and wound healing. Present review focuses on the diverse applications of CT and CS membranes and scaffolds for drug delivery, tissue engineering and targeted regenerative medicine. The chitinous scaffolds of marine sponges’ origin are discussed here for the first time. These CT based scaffolds obtained from Porifera possess remarkable and unique properties such as hydration, interconnected channels and diverse structural architecture. This review will provide a brief overview of CT and CS membranes and scaffolds toward different kinds of delivery applications such as anticancer drug delivery, osteogenic drug delivery, and growth factor delivery, because of their inimitable release behavior, degradation profile, mucoadhesive nature, etc. The review also provides an overview of the key features of CT and CS membranes and scaffolds such as their biodegradability, cytocompatibility and mechanical properties toward applications in tissue engineering and wound healing.     

Poly(n-butyl methacrylate) with primary amine end groups for supporting cell adhesion and proliferation of renal epithelial cells

Polymer coatings that support epithelial cell culture have been developed. Ozonolysis and subsequent workup of poly(butyl methacrylate-co-butadiene) copolymers is used to form oligomers with carboxylic acid end groups, which are then further reacted with diamines to provide poly(butyl methacrylate)s with primary amine end groups. The polymers are cast as films and used as cell culture substrates for human dermal fibroblasts and human renal epithelial cells. Fibroblast and epithelial cells adhere and proliferate on acid functional materials but on amine functional films epithelial cells show greater viability than fibroblasts.     

青稞生物活性成分及其生理功能研究进展

目的 探讨成纤维细胞生长因子21(FGF21)促进泡沫细胞胆固醇流出的机制。方法 在建立THP-1巨噬细胞源性泡沫细胞模型的基础上,以不同浓度(0、50、100、200、400 μg/L)FGF21处理泡沫细胞24 h,以200 μg/L FGF21处理泡沫细胞不同时间(0、6、12、24、48 h),Western blot、激光共聚焦检测LC3,MDC染色分析自噬小体,HPLC、油红O染色测定细胞内胆固醇蓄积,液体闪烁计数分析胆固醇流出。结果 200、400 μg/L的FGF21,以及200 μg/L的FGF21作用24 h和48 h,泡沫细胞总胆固醇(TC)、游离胆固醇(FC)和胆固醇酯(CE)水平均显著降低,而其胆固醇流出显著增强。机制研究发现,FGF21可诱导泡沫细胞自噬体形成,且微管相关蛋白Ⅰ轻链3(LC3-Ⅰ)至微管相关蛋白Ⅱ轻链3(LC3-Ⅱ)转化率显著增加,但自噬相关基因5(ATG5)siRNA或3-甲基腺嘌呤(3-MA)或巴弗洛霉素A1(BafA1)干预自噬后,FGF21对TC、FC和CE的降低作用减弱,同时胆固醇流出减少,泡沫细胞脂质蓄积加重。结论 FGF21通过上调自噬促进泡沫细胞胆固醇流出。