导热填料对HDPE/石蜡定形相变材料性能的影响

采用熔融共混技术,在高密度聚乙烯（HDPE）/石蜡定形相变材料中添加普通石墨、氧化膨胀石墨、超声膨胀石墨以及膨胀石墨（EG）4种导热填料制备导热定形相变材料（PCM）。SEM图表明导热填料可以与HDPE、石蜡均匀混合。添加导热填料后定形相变材料的渗漏率有增大的趋势,但添加普通石墨和超声膨胀石墨时,渗漏率随导热填料含量的增加而增加,添加氧化膨胀石墨和EG时,PCM的渗漏率随导热填料含量的增加而降低。定形相变材料中添加导热填料时其热导率有显著提高。添加EG时,定形相变材料的热导率提高最多,提高率达144.7%。     

Effects of various fillers on sintering,microstructures and properties of Ca-Ba-Al-B-Si-O glass/ceramic composites简

Low-temperature sintering and properties of LTCC （low temperature co-fired ceramics） materials based on CaO-BaO-Al2O3-B2O3-SiO2 glass and various fillers such as Al2O3, silica glass, christobalite, AlN, ZrO2, MgO-SiO2, TiO2 were investigated. The results show that densification, crystallization, microstructures and dielectric properties of the composites are found to strongly depend on the type of filler. The densification process of glass/ceramic composites with various fillers is mainly from 600 ℃ to 925 ℃, and the initial compacting temperature of samples is 600 ℃. The initial rapid densification of samples starts at its glass softening temperature. LTCC compositions containing Al2O3, silica glass, AlN and MgO-SiO2 fillers start to have the crystallization peaks at 890, 903, 869 and 844 ℃, respectively. The crystallization peaks are believed as correlated to the crystallization of CaAl2SiO8, β-SiO2, Ca2Al2SiO7 and β-SiO2. The composite ceramic with Al2O3, silica glass and TiO2 ceramic have a better dense structure and better smooth fracture surface. Sample for Al2O3 has the lowest dielectric loss tanδ value of 0.00091, whereas the sample for MgO.SiO, has the highest dielectric loss tanδ value of 0.02576. The sample for TiO2 has the highest dielectric constant value of 14.46, whereas the sample for AIN has the lowest dielectric constant value of 4.61.     

一类非线性微分差分方程整函数解

选取炭黑、谷壳灰、绢云母、蒙脱土、凹凸棒石和硅灰石等6种不同形态的无机填料,采用液态成型工艺,制备了无机填料／丁腈橡胶硫化胶,研究了无机填料对丁腈橡胶的力学性能、交联密度、耐燃料B性、耐油性、耐热老化性和微观形貌等特性的影响。结果表明：加入炭黑后,硫化胶的综合性能最佳;加入蒙脱土后,硫化胶的交联密度增至2．49×10^-4mol/cm3,三维交联程度增幅最大;加入凹凸棒石后,硫化胶在燃料B中质量变化率、体积变化率降至同比最低,对耐燃料B性能改善幅度最大;加入硅灰石后,硫化胶在油性环境中的质量、体积变化率、硬度变化最小,对耐油性改善最多;加入绢云母后,硫化胶在热空气氛围下质量变化率、体积变化率和硬度变化同比最小,对耐热老化性能改善幅度最大。     

云重心方法在舰炮维修性评价中的应用

针对已有的云重心评价方法中评价云发生器的参数设置不合理问题,提出了2倍熵规则,并以此为基础建立了熵参数确定模型;给出了专家个体区间数与平均区间数之间的差异度计算方法,从而建立了超熵参数确定模型。针对云重心偏离度的求解模型繁琐且有偏差的问题,建立起定量评价等级界定的区间数与定性评语对应的区间数之间的等比转换关系,将定量指标的集结值映射到定性评语对应的区间数中,并简化了求解模型。最后通过某舰炮维修性评价实例,验证了改进模型的科学性和合理性。     

Impact of sand and filler materials on the hydration behavior of calcium aluminate cement

In earlier work, we have observed discrepancies relating to the early hydration of calcium aluminate cement (CAC) when comparing data from heat flow calorimetry of CAC paste with results from mortar strength tests using the crushing method. Here, we investigated on this phenomenon and found that the sand which is used as a filler exerts a major influence on CAC hydration resulting in acceleration. Furthermore, in particular fine filler materials such as, for example, microsilica, fine limestone powder, and especially α- and γ-Al₂O₃ also produced a strong hydration accelerating effect which is dependent on their specific surface area. The mechanism underlying the acceleration is that under alkaline conditions their negative surface charge attracts calcium ions as was confirmed via inductively coupled plasma atomic emission measurements. Such a layer generates favourable conditions for the nucleation of CAC hydration products (C-A-H phases). The resulting crystalline hydrates which form on the surface of the filler particles submerged in CAC cement pore solution were visualized via SEM imaging. This way, specifically selected fillers can significantly accelerate CAC hydration and save precious lithium salts which are commonly used to boost the early strength of CAC.     

Mechanisms and conditions that affect phase inversion processes: A review

The phenomenon of phase inversion occurs in liquid‐liquid dispersions found in a variety of chemical engineering fields. From simple oil‐water mixtures to complex polymeric systems, the operating variables that affect this physical phenomenon are discussed in this work. The contribution on this matter by a large number of researchers is critically assessed, outlining both coherent and conflicting results. A detailed review of the mechanisms by which phase inversion takes place is also provided. While this subject has been studied for the past 50 years, this multivariate nonlinear process is not yet comprehensively understood, and this review article aims to describe the conclusions so far reached to provide insight for future research.     

Production of NiO,NiO/Ag,NiO/Au,and NiO/Pt hollow spheres by using block copolymer stabilized microspheres as a template

Hollow spheres of nickel oxide (NiO) and silver, gold, and platinum nanoparticle loaded NiO composites were successfully produced by using polystyrene (PS) latexes as hard template. Due to the presence of tertiary amine based diblock copolymer stabilizer on the surface of PS, the tertiary amine functional groups provided homogene deposition of nickel hydroxide, and then the precursor NiO salt production on the surface of PS latexes with a controlled precipitation technique. Then, NiO and NiO/metal NP hollow spheres were produced by calcination at 600 °C. Thermogravimetric analysis indicated that the amounts of NiO and NiO-composite after calcination were in the range of 21.1–29.7 wt%. The diameters of metal oxide spheres were in the range of 2.0–2.7 μm and the shell thickness were in the range of 250–350 nm. These structures had very low densities due to their porous and hollow structures and had outer layers with highly rough surfaces due to formation of nanosheets, which may offer important advantages for catalysis studies.     

半芳香族耐高温尼龙PA6T/6I基LDS功能材料制备及性能

采用半芳香族耐高温尼龙聚对苯二甲酸/间苯二甲酸己二胺(PA6T/6I)为树脂基体,铜铬氧化物为激光镭射助剂,制备了PA6T/6I基的激光直接成型(LDS)功能材料。采用扫描电子显微镜对激光镭射助剂分散状态及LDS功能材料模塑器件的表面形貌能进行了表征,使用热失重分析仪、差示扫描量热仪对LDS功能材料的热失重行为、熔融结晶性能进行了表征,研究了激光镭射助剂添加量对LDS功能材料的力学性能、热稳定性、化学镀性能的影响,同时研究了PA6T/6I熔融结晶性能和注塑模具温度对于模塑器件表面、外观的影响。结果表明,偶联剂的添加有利于改善激光镭射助剂在PA6T/6I树脂基体中的分散,其中环氧类的偶联剂KBM–403处理后的LDS镭射助剂分散效果最佳。激光镭射助剂添加量的增加,会造成LDS功能材料拉伸强度、弯曲强度、冲击强度及初始分解温度降低。激光镭射助剂添加量在8%时,预镀铜上镀时间和镀层覆盖时间最短,化学镀效果最佳。当注塑模具温度为175℃时,玻纤增强PA6T/6I基LDS功能材料模塑器件的外观最佳。     

Fabrication and properties of low oxygen grade Al2O3 dispersion strengthened copper alloy

The low oxygen grade Al2O3 dispersion strengthened copper alloy without hydrogen-fired expansion was fabricated by the technique of vacuum hot press and hot extrusion. The mechanical and electrical properties measurements and microstructures observation on as-hot extruded, as-cold drawn and as-annealed Cu-Al2O3 alloy were conducted. The results show that the addition of a suitable amount of boron in the alloy can lower the residual free oxygen content and then inhibit the hydrogen-fired expansion. The density, σb, σ0.2, hardness, δ and electrical conductivity of the alloy reach 8.86 g/cm^3 (relative density of 99.6%), 340MPa, 250MPa, HB95,24% and 93%(IACS) respectively after hot extruded with the extrusion ratio of 30:1. Its properties have no change after annealed at 900℃ for 1h. Its strength increases after cold drawing, while its ductility and electrical conductivity drop gradually. Various properties of the cold drawn alloy can recover to those of as-extruded after annealed at 900℃ for 1h without the occurrence of recrystallization.     

填料粒子成型对泡沫铝合金孔结构的影响

在实验的基础上 ,绘制出填料粒子成型时的体积与泡沫铝合金的孔隙率相对应的变化曲线 ,并应用力学的基本原理对泡沫铝合金孔结构的成形机理进行了研究。确定填料粒子成型时的体积变化应在 0 %～ 12 %之间 (此时泡沫铝合金的孔隙率应在 41.6 %～ 47.6 %之间 ) ,才能稳定填料粒子尺寸 ,从而更好地控制泡沫铝合金的孔径尺寸 ,提高成型质量 ,稳定泡沫铝合金的使用性能。