Laser brazing of a dissimilar joint of austenitic stainless steel and pure copper

In many industries, there are applications that require the joining of stainless steel and copper components; therefore, the welding of dissimilar stainless steel/copper joints is a common process. For this investigation, the optimal brazing conditions and suitable filler metals for laser brazing of stainless steel/copper lap joints were studied. Tensile shear force increases with increases in the laser spot diameter or in the laser irradiation angle, which is associated with increased bonding width; however, as bonding width approaches 2 mm, tensile shear force reaches a saturated value due to fracturing at the HAZ of the Cu base plate. In order to obtain joints with high tensile shear strength, laser brazing was optimized by using Cu–Si-based filler metal under the following conditions: laser power, 4 kW; spot diameter, 3 mm; laser irradiation angle, 80°; irradiation position shift, 0.6 mm; brazing speed, 0.30 m/min; and filler metal feed speed, 0.30 min. Concerning filler metals, it was found that the Ni–Cu type showed relatively large tensile shear force even at high welding speeds in comparison with those of the Cu–Si, Cu, Cu–Ni, Ni–Cu and Ni types, respectively.     

热扩散对镀锡银钎料界面组织及熔化特性的影响

对带锡镀覆层的银钎料进行热扩散处理,采用差示扫描量热仪(DSC)、扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)研究热扩散工艺对其熔化温度和扩散界面组织、物相的影响. 结果表明,在扩散时间一定条件下,随着扩散温度升高,扩散界面层厚度增加;随着扩散温度升高或扩散时间延长,钎料的固、液相线温度均降低,熔化温度区间缩小;扩散界面层物相主要由棒状Ag₃Sn相和块状Cu₃Sn相组成;最佳热扩散工艺为220 ℃,24 h. 经最佳工艺处理后,扩散界面层厚度为9.1 μm,钎料中Sn含量为7.2%,此时钎料熔化温度区间为642.34 ℃~676.37 ℃. 与传统熔炼合金化方法相比,钎料中Sn含量提高近31%.     

Highly transparent AlON ceramics sintered from powder synthesized by carbothermal reduction nitridation

Aluminum oxynitride (AlON) powders were synthesized by the carbothermal reduction and nitridation process using commercial γ-Al₂O₃ and carbon black powders as starting materials. And AlON transparent ceramics were fabricated by pressureless sintering under nitrogen atmosphere. The effects of ball milling time on morphology and particle size distribution of the AlON powders, as well as the microstructure and optical property of AlON transparent ceramics were investigated. It is found that single-phase AlON powder was obtained by calcining the γ-Al₂O₃/C mixture at 1550 °C for 1 h and a following heat treatment at 1750 °C for 2 h. The AlON powder ball milled for 24 h showed smaller particles and narrower particle size distribution compared with the 12 h one, which was benefit for the improvement of optical property of AlON transparent ceramics. With the sintering aids of 0.25 wt% MgO and 0.04 wt% Y₂O₃, highly transparent AlON ceramics with in-line transmittance above 80% from visible to infrared range were obtained through pressureless sintering at 1850 °C for 6 h.     

Carbothermal reduction synthesis of TiB2 ultrafine powders

Submicrometric TiB₂ powders were synthesized by carbothermal reduction process using titanium dioxide, boron carbide and carbon black as the starting materials. The influence of different amount of boron carbide (22.0–26.8 wt%), calcination temperature (1400–1900 °C) and holding time (15–90 min) on the composition and microstructure of the product was investigated. The resultant powders were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). Results showed that hexagonal impurity-free TiB₂ crystalline powders with the grain size below 1.0 μm could be successfully prepared at 1600 °C for 30 min in Ar atmosphere when the amount of boron carbide was 25.3 wt%. The increase in temperature contributed to reaction completion and grain growth, but the abnormal grain growth and oversintering took place above 1800 °C.     

Fourier‐Transform Rheology of Unvulcanized,Carbon Black Filled Styrene Butadiene Rubber

Rubber materials filled with reinforcing fillers display nonlinear rheological behavior at small strain amplitudes below γ₀ < 0.1. Nevertheless, rheological data are analyzed mostly in terms of linear parameters, such as shear moduli (G′, G″), which loose their physical meaning in the nonlinear regime. In this work styrene butadiene rubber filled with carbon black (CB) under large amplitude oscillatory shear (LAOS) is analyzed in terms of the nonlinear parameter I_3/1. Three different CB grades are used and the filler load is varied between 0 and 70 phr. It is found that I_3/1(φ) is most sensitive to changes of the total accessible filler surface area at low strain amplitudes (γ₀ = 0.32). The addition of up to 70 phr CB leads to an increase of I_3/1(φ) by a factor of more than ten. The influence of the measurement temperature on I_3/1 is pronounced for CB levels above the percolation threshold.

     

Filler Wetting in Miscible ESBR/SSBR Blends and Its Effect on Mechanical Properties

The selective wetting behavior of silica in emulsion styrene butadiene rubber (ESBR)/solution styrene butadiene rubber (SSBR) blends is characterized by the wetting concept, which is further developed for filled blends based on miscible rubbers. It is found that not only the chemical rubber–filler affinity but also the topology of the filler surface significantly influences the selective filler wetting in rubber blends. The nanopore structure of the silica surface has been recognized as the main reason for the difference in the wetting behavior of the branched ESBR molecules and linear SSBR molecules. However, the effect of nanopore structure becomes more significant in the presence of silane. It is discussed that the adsorption of silane on silica surface constricts the nanopore to some extent that hinders effectively the space filling of the nanopores by the branched ESBR molecules but not by the linear SSBR molecules. As a result, in silanized ESBR/SSBR blends the dominant wetting of silica surface by the tightly bonded layer of SSBR molecules causes a low‐energy dissipation in the rubber–filler interphase. That imparts the low rolling resistance to the blends similar to that of a silica‐filled SSBR compound, while the ESBR‐rich matrix warrants the good tensile behavior, i.e., good abrasion and wear resistance of the blends.

     

锆元素对Zn-15Al钎料组织和性能的影响

通过扫描电镜、X射线衍射和纳米压痕等方法研究了微量Zr元素对铝合金/不锈钢异种金属钎焊用Zn-15Al钎料显微组织和性能的影响.结果表明,微量Zr元素的添加对钎料的熔点没有明显影响.Zr元素对Zn-15Al钎料基体中η-Zn相有明显细化作用,当Zr元素的质量分数为0.2%时,细化效果最佳;Zr元素的添加量过多时,钎料中形成块状的Al₂ZnZr化合物.当Zr元素的质量分数为0.2%时,Zn-15Al-0.2Zr钎料在不锈钢和铝合金母材上的铺展面积较Zn-15Al钎料分别提高了15.9%和10.2%,钎焊接头抗剪强度达到最大值143 MPa.Zn-15Al,Zn-15Al-0.2Zr,Zn-15Al-0.3Zr 3种钎料的蠕变应力指数分别为6.64,7.35,8.07.     

Sn改性Ti-Zr-Cu-Ni钎料的微观组织和力学性能

采用自制Ti-Zr-Cu-Ni-Sn钎料钎焊TA2钛合金,研究了不同Sn元素含量改性Ti-Zr-Cu-Ni钎料的熔化特性、微观组织及物相、润湿及熔蚀性、接头拉伸强度。研究表明,Sn含量增加,Ti-Zr-Cu-Ni-Sn钎料固、液相线温度基本升高,但温度差值基本变窄,可更好地抑制钎焊界面脆性化合物形成。Ti-Zr-Cu-Ni-5Sn钎料组织由Ti、Zr基体和晶体相构成,Sn倾向与Ti、Zr结合形成Ti₂Sn₃、Ti₆Sn₅、Zr₅Sn₃等低熔点共晶相。Sn≤1.5%时,随Sn含量增加,钎料对TA2钛合金的润湿性逐渐变差;继续增加Sn,钎料润湿性改善,添加5%Sn的钎料对基体润湿最佳。添加5%Sn并降低Cu、Ni总量的改性钎料对TA2钛合金熔蚀减弱。相同钎焊工艺下,添加5%Sn接头的强度和塑性均有提升。钎焊温度升高,Ti-Zr-Cu-Ni钎料产生更多强化物相,致接头强度大幅提升,而Ti-Zr-Cu-Ni-5Sn钎料产生的含Sn物相强化作用对接头强度提升有限;相...     

SiC纳米线对Ni-Cr-P钎料及Ni-Cr-P/Q235焊点组织与性能影响

采用具有优良高温强度、高热导率、高耐磨性能和耐腐蚀性能的SiC纳米线为Ni-Cr-P钎料的添加物,研究了钎料/焊点的组织与性能。结果表明,钎料的组织由Ni(Cr)固溶体、Ni₃P固溶体以及Ni(Cr)和Ni₃P共晶组织组成,微量的SiC纳米线可以显著细化基体组织,使焊点抗剪切强度提高29.6%。SiC纳米线的添加使钎料的熔化温度提高约4℃,显著促进钎料在Q235基板表面的润湿性,增幅达到12.5%。然而,过量添加SiC纳米线会显著粗化基体组织,降低钎料的润湿性和焊点的抗剪切强度。在不同SiC含量的Ni-Cr-P钎料中,Ni-Cr-P-0.1SiC钎料/焊点具有明显的优越性。     

硫酸盐侵蚀水泥改良路基段上拱研究

首先对某高速铁路无砟轨道路基上拱问题进行了资料调研,通过现场变形监测、填料取样试验、矿物成分分析等手段,明确了硫酸盐侵蚀水泥改良填料膨胀是引起路基上拱主要原因,然后结合化学反应机理和室内模拟试验,对发生此类膨胀变形的反应条件、膨胀变形特征进行了分析。研究结果表明,膨胀变形主要发生在路基水泥改良填料层位,该土层具有大量硫酸盐侵蚀水泥产物钙矾石和硅灰石膏发育的特征,路基上拱与硫酸盐侵蚀水泥改良土形成钙矾石和硅灰石膏晶体相关;水泥改良填料中相对潮湿的高PH值碱性环境和石膏等硫酸盐矿物的存在是发生此类膨胀变形的必要条件;硫酸盐侵蚀水泥改良填料将发生持续性膨胀变形,上拱持续时间可达数年,破坏性强。本文研究成果可供类似环境下路基工程的建设及相关研究借鉴。