微通道换热器结霜特性研究现状与展望

微通道换热器在低温工况下用作蒸发器时存在结霜速度较快的问题,制约了其在制冷系统的应用。针对微通道换热器的结霜现象,本文归纳了影响微通道换热器结霜特性的因素、改善微通道换热器结霜特性的方案和微通道换热器结霜的相关仿真研究,介绍了微通道换热器结霜特性的研究现状和方向,发现目前影响微通道换热器结霜特性的因素主要分为:外部因素(环 境参数、表面温度、凝水),结构因素(换热器布置方向、翅片结构、翅片密度、涂层、结垢)和内部因素(制冷剂分布)。改善微通道换热器结霜特性的研究集中在调整翅片的结构以实现更好的排水性能和更均匀的霜层分布,未来研究的重点在于开发抑霜性能 更好的微通道换热器和建立更高精度的仿真模型。     

Thermohydraulic performance and effectiveness of a mini shell and tube heat exchanger working with a nanofluid regarding effects of fins and nanoparticle shape

The influence of varied nanoparticle shapes on thermal–hydraulic efficacy of a boehmite nanofluid (BNF) in a mini shell and tube heat exchanger (MSTHX) in the cases of with and without fin is investigated. The five nanoparticle shapes with 90 °C inlet temperature at Reynolds number of 500 for the warm fluid side, and four Reynolds numbers of 500, 1000, 1500, and 2000 with 20 °C inlet temperature for the cold fluid side are considered. The warm fluid is the nanofluid that moves in the tube side, whilst the cool fluid is common water inside the shell side. With elevating Reynolds number, the heat transfer rate (q), overall heat transfer coefficient (U), pressure drop, effectiveness, and number of transfer unit (NTU) increase, while the performance index reduces. By increasing the Reynolds number from 500 to 2000 in the nanofluid having the oblate spheroid nanoparticles, the effectiveness rises 20%, and the performance index reduces 21.7%. The BNF with the platelet additives results in the largest q, whilst the smallest pressure loss is achieved for the Os-shaped additives. Also, the heat transfer rate, U, effectiveness, NTU, performance index, and pressure loss for the MSTHX with fin are larger than those for the MSTHX without fin.     

CFD analysis of employing a novel ecofriendly nanofluid in a miniature pin fin heat sink for cooling of electronic components: Effect of different configurations

This research aims to study the thermal and hydraulic attributes as well as energy efficiency of a new ecofriendly nanofluid including functionalized graphene nanoplatelets in a mini heat sink with three different pin fins. The circular, triangular and drop-shaped pin fins are investigated and compared with each other. The effects of nanoparticle fraction and flow velocity on the thermal resistance, temperature uniformity, convective heat transfer coefficient, maximum surface temperature, average surface temperature, pressure loss and pumping power are assessed. Increasing the concentration or velocity reduces the temperature on the heated wall, and also improves the temperature distribution uniformity. At both constant velocity and invariant pumping power, the heat sink fitted with the circular pin fins leads to the best performance while that equipped with the triangular pin fins results in the worst efficiency. In addition, the Figure of Merit (FoM) is greater than 1 for all conditions, which proves that the nanoparticle suspension possesses a greater merit to be employed as the coolant in the heat sinks compared to the base fluid.     

立式花瓣管外空气螺旋流动传热及流阻性能研究

螺旋隔板花瓣管换热器具有优异的换热性能,但由于目前基础数据不足,螺旋隔板花瓣管换热器的应用还未能普及,研究花瓣管几何结构参数对换热过程的影响规律及传热机理,可为该类型换热器提供设计依据.今在实验中通过采用空气在缠绕金属螺旋片的换热管外套管环隙中的换热来模拟螺旋隔板换热器的换热过程,研究了空气在缠绕螺旋片的立式光滑管和不同翅片高度与间距的立式花瓣管外螺旋流动的传热与流阻性能,分析了花瓣管翅片高度和间距等主要几何结构参数以及管外空气流速对传热与流阻性能的影响.实验结果表明:翅片高1.5mm、间距1.0mm的花瓣管具有最佳的传热性能,花瓣管外空气对流换热系数是光滑管的1.48～3.24倍;在实验范围内,随着空气流速的增加,花瓣管外空气对流换热系数与流动阻力也相应增加,但综合换热性能下降并在空气流速为36.0～42.2m·s-1时达到最低值.     

热管换热器的计算机辅助设计

介绍了用计算机进行热管换热器辅助设计的基本方法.软件的需求分析以及程序模块的划分和实现;还着重介绍了几个重要模块的实现方法.这几个模块使热管换热器的设计及软件本身的使用具有它独自的特色.这些方法以前未见实现过。使用计算机给热管换热器的设计带来了很大的效益。     

管型对螺旋折流板翅片管油冷器性能的影响

油冷器广泛应用于各类化工过程及机械加工过程中.通过实验研究了不同结构参数的螺旋折流板冠形翅片管油冷器,获得了油冷器的传热与阻力性能曲线.结果表明,此类油冷器的壳侧传热膜系数可达1 100～1 300 W/(m2·K),比弓形折流板光滑管油冷器提高了1倍,而压降降低30%～50%;传热管的翅片间距和翅片高度必须在合理的范围内,两者均在1.0～1.2 mm时才能保持较佳的油冷器性能.     

附鳍吊舱推进器的水动力性能分析

为了分析鳍对吊舱推进器水动力性能的影响,用基于速度势的低阶面元法预报附鳍吊舱推进器的定常水动力性能.螺旋桨和吊舱及鳍之间的相互影响通过迭代计算来处理,螺旋桨的诱导速度及吊舱和鳍的诱导速度均进行周向平均.采用关于扰动速度势的基本积分微分方程,并采用双曲面形状的面元以消除面元间的缝隙.Newton-Raphson迭代过程被用来在桨叶随边满足压力Kutta条件.用柳泽(Yanagizawa)方法求得物体表面的速度分布.计算了无鳍、单鳍和双鳍拖式吊舱推进器的水动力性能.计算结果表明,鳍可以回收螺旋桨尾流的旋转能量,使附鳍吊舱推进器的水动力性能提高,双鳍时效率最高,单鳍次之,无鳍最低.     

机械胸鳍式仿生水下机器人的动力学特性研究

对新近研制的仿生水下机器人Robo—Mackerel，建立其在胸鳍摆动模式下游动的物理模型，并给出机械胸鳍摆动的运动方程。利用库达-儒柯夫斯基定律和二维叶素理论，分析Robo—Mackerel巡游时受到的流体作用力。通过动力学仿真，计算Robo—Mackerel的游速、推进力、瞬时功率和平均效率等水下推进性能指标。为有效地提高Robo—Mackerel的水下推进性能，分析讨论了机械胸鳍摆动各运动学参数和上述指标的关系，并提出各运动学参数的最优值。     

身体/尾鳍推进模式仿生机器鱼研究的进展与分析

随着海洋资源越来越受到国家重视,水下机器人已成为科研的热点。仿生机器鱼作为水下机器人,具有低噪声、对环境扰动小等特点。身体/尾鳍推进模式(Body and/or caudal fin,BCF)仿生机器鱼是指以身体/尾鳍推进模式推进的仿生机器鱼,它具有高速、高效、机动性高等优势,是近年来仿生机器鱼研制的重点。随着1994年首条仿生机器鱼的研制成功,许多优秀的相关研制成果已应用到水下考古、水质监测、污染检测等领域。基于此,介绍BCF鱼类的分类及特点、BCF生物鱼以及仿生鱼的推进机理,并着重介绍国内外BCF仿生样机的研制进展,对已有样机的驱动方式、机械结构和游动性能进行详细分析,揭示不同驱动方式所面临的技术问题,在此基础上总结BCF仿生机器鱼的发展趋势和应用前景。     

Surface wetting of the C/SiC brake lining with micro-scale heat dissipation fins to cool off the brake system: Influence of the fibre ending orientation and fin interval

The micro-scale heat dissipation fins significantly contribute to cool off a brake system. However, micro-scale heat dissipation fins will change the surface wetting and then change the humidity of components in the brake system. A higher humidity is helpful for improving the thermal conductivity coefficient of the C/SiC component, which aids in further improving the cooling performance. To the best knowledge of the authors, little attention has been devoted to improving the humidity of the C/SiC brake lining by micro-scale fins. The aim of this study is mainly to discuss the surface wetting of the porous C/SiC brake lining with micro-scale heat dissipation fins to facilitate heat dissipation in the brake system by increasing the humidity. In this study, micro-scale heat dissipation fins with various intervals were fabricated by a laser on three typical C/SiC surfaces. Surface wetting was characterized by the spreading time of the water droplets. The theoretical model of the water droplet spreading time was established by a Washburn-type equation. Both the experimental and theoretical results indicated that: (1) a hydrophilic C/SiC surface could be achieved by fabricating micro-scale heat dissipation fins on a circular fibre-ending surface compared with a pillar fibre-ending surface; (2) wetting control of the C/SiC surface is not obvious by changing of the micro-fin interval on the order of micrometers; and (3) the surface wetting of the pillar fibre-ending C/SiC surface was more sensitive to increased repetitions of laser scanning. In the current stage, the experimental results presented a stochastic surface wetting. In this regard, more details on the irregularity of micro-scale heat dissipation fins resulting from a laser process are discussed. The conclusions can be extended to optimize the heat dissipation fin arrangement of the C/SiC brake lining and optimize the overall cooling performance of the brake system.