The fine structure of bicomponent polyester fibers

The application of alkaline hydrolysis to study the change in the fine structure of bicomponent polyester fibers as their surface is removed progressively was explored. The samples were prepared with a poly(butylene terephthalate) (PBT) sheath and a poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) core. The reagent used to hydrolyze the PBT was 1M NaOH in 75/25 methanol to water since it appeared to react topochemically with the fiber. The solution reacted more rapidly with PET than with PBT. Thus, when necessary to retard the weight loss of the bicomponent fibers, after a 2‐h hydrolysis with this reagent to remove PBT, it was replaced with aqueous 1M NaOH solution containing 0.1% cetrimmonium bromide. Unlike homofil PET or PBT fibers, where alkaline attack appeared to be confined to the surface and left the residue relatively smooth, the bicomponent fiber was attacked unevenly, and penetration to the PET core occurred before all the PBT at the surface was removed. Nevertheless, most of the reaction was confined initially to the PBT sheath. The tenacity and extension at break of the PBT–PET fiber passed through a maximum as hydrolysis progressed. The fall in tenacity at high weight losses is ascribed to increasing surface defects in the fiber surface. After removal of the PBT by the hydrolysis, the birefringence of the residue became progressively higher. The synergistic effect of the PBT sheath on the properties of the PET core and the possible causes of the nonuniform hydrolysis at the PBT surface are discussed. An equation is proposed that includes an interaction parameter, which can be utilized to determine which property is affected most by the hydrolysis of a bicomponent fiber. In this instance, it appears from the parameters that the order is strength > extension at break ≈ birefringence. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 71: 1163–1173, 1999     

超细氢氧化铝中氯离子的测定

研究了用硫酸溶解超细氢氧化铝并测定氯离子的方法。控制硫酸的加入量。调节溶液的PH值在2～3之间以二苯偶氮碳酰肼作为指示荆,用标准硝酸汞溶液滴定。测定超细氢氧化铝中氯离子的相对平均偏差在12％～38％,加标回收率在95．50％～109．10％之间,此方法准确度高,结果稳定,操作简便。     

JTT台式投影仪在筛网检验中的应用

筛析法是泥沙颗粒分析的常用方法,筛网的质量对泥沙颗粒级配的成果质量有较大的影响。通过对大量分析筛的检验,发现有超差、变形、标错筛孔级及一定数量的不合格产品。为了保证泥沙颗粒级配的成果质量,必须对新购或使用1～3年的分析用筛进行检验。本文介绍了JJT台式投影仪的工作原理,探讨其在筛网检验中的应用。方法行之有效,对提高筛析泥沙颗粒级配的质量有着重要的意义。     

Modelling of mechanical properties of five maize varieties at critical processing conditions in the production of fermented slurry-ogi

This research work was conducted to investigate the impact of critical processing conditions on the selected mechanical properties of maize in the production of fermented ogi slurry. Five varieties of maize (A4W, C3Y, D8W, B2Y, and E9W) were soaked at 28 ^ºC and average hot soaking at 65^ºC, respectively, for 96 h at 12-h interval. Selected mechanical properties were evaluated based on a 5 × 2 × 9 factorial design (varieties× soaking methods× soaking periods). Force (FB) and energy required to break (EB) maize grains decreased significantly (p < 0.05) up to the 12th hour. The EB reduced from 873.3 to 70.0 N mm and from 873.3 to 77.8 N mm for variety E9W at soaking conditions of 28^ºC and 65^ºC, respectively. Similar trends were observed for other maize varieties. Modulus of elasticity and resilience decreased significantly (p < 0.05) with increase in soaking period and moisture content. The EB to break maize grains was directly proportional to the product of Young’s modulus and area (E_m A^1.5), the FB and area (F_m A°^.5) and force required to break and geometric mean diameter (F D_g²) of maize grains with a high R² (0.9610.999). This study suggested that the duration of soaking between 12 and 24 h should be enough to significantly (p > 0.05) reduce the hardness, force, and energy required to break whole maize grains in the production of this fermented product and relevant for predicting minimum required energy for a large-scale operation.     

认知视角下的舆论观点句情感计算

针对目前观点分析方法局限于传统的文本分析技术,只能将舆论观点句分为肯定和否定两极或确定每一极的程度（粗粒度）,不能进一步给出舆论观点句是积极的还是消极的程度的问题。本文从认知学角度研究细粒度语义情感计算框架。提出了一种舆情观点句的定量分析方法,该方法将对于某话题的文本集合作为输入,输出一个实数表示文本中所表达观点的能量。本文在NLPIR共享平台上进行了相关实验,给出了粗粒度情感和细粒度情感对观点句识别的对比实验,实验表明,两种方法对观点句的识别性能相差不大;对非观点句细粒度方法好于粗粒度方法。     

分布式基站设备ID介绍及其应用

利用移动网分布式基站RRU设备ID 在网内的唯一性,对工程建设、网络维护、故障处理进行精细化管理,解 决了BBU室内基带处理单元和RRU远端射频单元分离导致无法确定网元端口及其位置所造成的混乱。本文从操作和工作 流程入手介绍了分布式系统精细化管理的方法,并以华为GSM网络和中兴WCDMA网络为实例进行了演示,该方法也适用 于包括LTE网络在内的类似网络的管理。因为其完全利用现有设备、网管等资源,可操作性及实用性强,可大大缩短确定网 元位置的时间,从而提高工程建设人员、网络维护人员的工作效率,为运营商节约人力和开销。     

PCR-DGGE分析西藏雪莲菌细菌多样性

细菌是雪莲菌中的重要功能菌群,对于雪莲菌的形成及其功能作用的发挥有着重要作用,因而探明其细菌的种群特征具有重大意义。本文采用聚合酶链式反应-变性梯度凝胶电泳(PCR-DGGE)和16S r DNA测序技术对3个西藏雪莲菌颗粒(A、B和C)中细菌多样性进行了研究。DGGE电泳结果显示,样品的丰度值介于12~16之间,细菌多样性指数在1.79~2.11之间,相似性指数在0.62~0.77之间。通过对DGGE指纹图谱优势条带切胶测序结果显示:它们分别属于马乳酒样乳杆菌(Lactobacillus kefiranofaciens)、乳球菌属(Lactococcus)、乳杆菌属(Lactobacillus)、嗜热链球菌(Streptococcus thermophilus)、开菲尔乳杆菌(Lactobacillus kefir)、气单胞菌属(Aeromonas)和醋酸菌属(Acetobacter)。旨在为雪莲菌微生物资源开发以及加快雪莲菌工业化生产奠定基础。     

化学发光免疫分析方法检测粮食谷物中赭曲霉毒素A残留

目的建立粮食谷物中赭曲霉毒素A(ochratoxin A,OTA)残留检测的化学发光免疫分析方法。方法人工改造OTA半抗原、制备包被原和多克隆抗体工作液,优化检测步骤,验证各项评价指标,比较化学发光免疫分析方法和高效液相色谱法(high performance liquid chromatography,HPLC)的实际样本检测结果的一致性,以此来实现化学发光免疫分析方法的建立。结果 50%抑制浓度(IC_(50))为0.278μg/L;OTA的最低检出限为5.0μg/kg,样本添加回收率在65.4%到115.8%之间,批内、批间相对标准偏差15%。同时,通过对实际样本检测,证明化学发光免疫分析方法具有显著的准确度和可靠性。结论基于化学发光免疫分析方法能够实现粮食作物中的OTA残留的快速检测,灵敏度高、成本低、时间短,为食品中霉菌毒素残留的快速检测提供了新的技术参考。     

煤气化细灰及其原煤的热解特性与官能团特征

对气流床水煤浆气化细灰和粉煤气化细灰及其原煤的热解特性与官能团特征进行研究,结合工业分析、元素分析、红外光谱(FTIR)方法以及热重-质谱联用(TG-MS)技术,分析了两种气化工艺所得细灰的特性,以及细灰与原煤官能团结构特征的差异。结果表明,气化细灰在经历煤气化过程后仍有部分挥发分未完全分解,细灰中的挥发分含量与其气化工艺有关;煤气化过程中,部分官能团未分解,并可能有部分官能团重排生成了较稳定的含氧化合物等新官能团。     

白云石晶粒尺寸对白云岩中碱白云石反应及膨胀性的影响

采用激光共聚焦显微镜(LSCM)测量了白云岩JFG、DHC、DHF和DHG中白云石晶粒的尺寸,采用X-射线衍射(QXRD)定量分析了白云岩中碱白云石反应(ADR)生成的水镁石含量,并依据RILEM AAR-2、CECS 48、RILEMAAR-5和NRAA&2检测了白云岩的膨胀性.结果表明,白云岩JFG、DHC、DHF和DHG中白云石中位径为13μm、14 μm、94 μm和81μm;随着养护时间的延长,养护在150℃、10％ KOH溶液中的5～10 mm白云岩颗粒中的白云石反应程度逐渐增高,4d后,白云石晶粒尺寸越大,白云岩中去白云石反应程度越高;RILEM AAR-5混凝土微柱试件的膨胀大小依次为,细晶白云岩DHF＞粉晶白云岩JFG及DHC＞细晶白云岩DHG,白云岩中白云石晶粒尺寸与ADR膨胀性没有直接的相关性,可见白云石晶粒尺寸不是影响白云岩ADR膨胀性的唯一因素.