型煤发展的回顾与展望

煤炭科学研究总院建院以来型煤研究工作的进展状况、主要成果,并对几项工业型煤技术进行了概述和评价,还对今后型煤研究方向提出了建议。     

Finite Element Analysis of a Moving Boundary Value Problem

A finite element formulation and the solution of a set of nonlinear coupled heat and mass transfer equations for a two-phase system with a moving evaporation interface is presented. The interface condition takes into account the moisture transfer balance at the moving boundary. The finite element results were compared with existing results for a single phase system for model validation. In the two-phase system, the movement of evaporation front has an appreciable effect on the temperature and moisture distribution inside the porous medium during drying. The effect of the nondimensional heat of vapourization parameter γ on the evaporation front, temperature and moisture distribution in porous medium was studied. The higher the value of γ, the slower is the movement of the evaporation front. The temperature decreased and the moisture content increased as the nondimensional vapourization parameter γ increased. This model has potential applications in studying the heat and mass transfer characteristics in food and biomaterials.     

A method for the preparation of PMMA-SiO2 nanocomposites with high homogeneity

It is possible to optimize the performance of the inorganic-organic composites dispersing the inorganic component in the organic matrix on a nanomiter length scale. If dry the inorganic phase cannot be intimately dispersed during the incorporation in the matrix. When the particle surface is organically modified, and the incorporation is made starting from a liquid dispersion (particles in polymer solution), the resulting composites exhibit an excellent homogeneity. Here, monolithic [poly(methyl methacrylate)/monodisperse silica particles] nanocomposites have been prepared and characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), micro-hardness, and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC).     

核孔膜生产线膜微孔制备工艺实验研究

本文介绍核孔膜生产线,重点描述了膜微孔制备工艺的实验研究。对于PC和PES膜,已得到32种工况下的扩孔公式,其形式为D=A+Bt,其中D——孔径,t——扩孔时间,A,B为特定工艺参数下的常数值.通过实验。得到了膜孔密度N与300~#核反应堆功率P、热柱辐照位置L的经验公式,即N=6.97×10~5×10~3×101~(1.18L).在本生产线上可生产最大幅面为3 140mm×240mm,孔径为0.04～10 μm的多系列多规格的核孔膜产品。     

Monitoring Proteolysis During Cheddar Cheese Ripening Using Two-Dimensional Gel Electrophoresis

A 2-D gel electrophoretic method, consisting of isoelectric focusing and alkaline urea-PAGE was used to monitor proteolysis during ripening (180d, 5°C and 8°C) of full- and reduced-fat Cheddar cheese. The method enabled quantifying changes in levels of peptides in cheese with good spot-resolution. Results can complement those from other analyses, especially those for determining low MW peptides. Notable effects were found for cheese composition and ripening temperature on gel pattern and on relative levels of selected proteolysis products. In both cheese varieties, most peptides reached a maximum during the first 3 ripening months and gradually disappeared as ripening advanced.     

大断面交岔点失稳分析及治理

通过工程地质调查、室内围岩物化分析和力学试验 ,深入研究了围岩变形力学机制和破坏机理 .根据新奥法施工原理 ,采取了有针对性的综合治理措施 ,将围岩复杂的变形力学机制转化为单一的变形力学机制 ,使该工程得到了有效治理 .取得的技术经验推广应用于该矿井其它失稳破坏工程 ,均获得了圆满成功     

Porous elastomeric beads from crosslinked emulsions

The production of porous polymeric particles is attractive for a large number of applications and can be achieved by various techniques. Although numerous production schemes exist for glassy polymers, difficulties arise for soft, rubbery materials that need a chemical crosslinking step, such as elastomers. This is particularly true for poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS), which shows the lowest glass‐transition temperature among the polymers. Recent studies suggest in situ hydrogen bubble formation or vacuum drying of water droplets dispersed in the polymer matrix in order to generate porous PDMS structures. In this work we report early results based on the chemical crosslinking of water in PDMS emulsion droplets in a mechanically stirred thermostated water vessel. This approach is shown to lead to high porosity PDMS beads (ca. 10^?3 m particle diameter) with an open structure whose properties (diameter and porosity) are strongly influenced by the starting composition (solvent, surfactant, and polymer types and ratios), as well as the operating parameters (agitation and temperature). The possible uses of these derived beads are discussed. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 83: 967–971, 2002     

Inter- and intra-molecular ionic interactions of polyampholyte: Carboxymethyl-2-diethylaminoethylcellulose

Carboxymethyl-2-diethylaminoethylcellulose (CM-DEAE cellulose) was prepared by etherification of carboxymethylcellulose with diethylaminoethyl chloride in a NaOH solution. The behaviour of CM-DEAE cellulose in aqueous solution was studied by viscosity and GPC measurements. The degree of substitution (DS) and existing states of DEAE substituents were examined by the use of proton NMR, and those of the CM substituents were observed with FT-IR. The results reveal that the reduced viscosity and apparent molecular size of CM-DEAE cellulose vary with the concentration of sodium chloride and changes in pH and DS. These phenomena can be explained in terms of inter- and intra-molecular ionic interactions.     

Asymmetric alumina membranes electrochemically formed in oxalic acid solution

Alumina membranes were fabricated by anodizing aluminium metal in 0.15 M oxalic acid. The growth kinetics of the porous layer were investigated in the temperature range –1 to 16 °C using linear potential scans up to 70 V. The faradaic efficiencies of metal oxidation and of porous layer formation, determined by applying Faraday's law, were found to be independent of both temperature and electrical charge. SEM analysis of the metal-side and solution-side surfaces revealed different morphologies. After dissolution of the barrier layer in phosphoric acid, the metal-side surface showed circular pores whose size of about 90 nm was found to be uniform and independent of temperature. The pore population was also practically independent of temperature and a value of about 4 × 10¹³ pores m^–2 was determined. On the solution-side surface the presence of a deposit partially occluding the mouths of pores was observed. This coating could be removed by chemical etching in NaOH or thermal treatment at 870 °C, where decomposition of oxalate occurs. This supports the hypothesis that the deposit consists of an aluminium salt containing oxalate anions precipitated from the solution. The results show that it is possible to control the morphological characteristics of the anodic alumina membranes by careful choice of experimental conditions.     

某含砷浮选金精矿的细菌氧化预处理-氰化提金试验研究

云南省某含砷难浸金精矿，常规氰化金浸出率仅为26．17％，通过采用细菌氧化预处理后，金浸出率达到98．25％，获得了非常理想的试验指标。