The performance of a venturi scrubber in the removal of tar from gas in updraft gasification has been studied. The gasifier has been operated with a husk feed rate of 1.6 × 10?4 kg/s. The venturi scrubber has been operated at a superficial gas velocity of 56.4 m/s at the throat. A wide variety of scrubbing liquids having surface tensions ranging from 0.026 to 0.072 N/m have been used. The Qg/Ql, has been varied in the range of 1000–8000. The tar separation efficiency η has been found to vary from 51 to 98.5%. A mathematical model, assuming steady-state operation, has been developed considering very high pseudosolubility of tar in the scrubbing liquids. The predicted values of η have been compared with experimental results. The model satisfactorily explains the tar removal efficiency of the venturi for Qg/Ql values ranging from 4000 to 8000 for all scrubbing liquids. The following correlation has been developed for predicting venturi scrubber efficiency: . 相似文献
Monocarboxylate transporters (MCTs) are of great research interest for their role in cancer cell metabolism and their potential ability to transport pharmacologically relevant compounds across the membrane. Each member of the MCT family could potentially provide novel therapeutic approaches to various diseases. The major differences among MCTs are related to each of their specific metabolic roles, their relative substrate and inhibitor affinities, the regulation of their expression, their intracellular localization, and their tissue distribution. MCT4 is the main mediator for the efflux of L-lactate produced in the cell. Thus, MCT4 maintains the glycolytic phenotype of the cancer cell by supplying the molecular resources for tumor cell proliferation and promotes the acidification of the extracellular microenvironment from the co-transport of protons. A promising therapeutic strategy in anti-cancer drug design is the selective inhibition of MCT4 for the glycolytic suppression of solid tumors. A small number of studies indicate molecules for dual inhibition of MCT1 and MCT4; however, no selective inhibitor with high-affinity for MCT4 has been identified. In this study, we attempt to approach the structural characteristics of MCT4 through an in silico pipeline for molecular modelling and pharmacophore elucidation towards the identification of specific inhibitors as a novel anti-cancer strategy. 相似文献
The present study aimed to synthesize novel polycationic polymers composed of N-substituted L-2,3-diaminopropionic acid residues (DAPEGs) and investigate their cell permeability, cytotoxicity, and DNA-binding ability. The most efficient cell membrane-penetrating compounds (O2Oc-Dap(GO2)n-O2Oc-NH2, where n = 4, 6, and 8) showed dsDNA binding with a binding constant in the micromolar range (0.3, 3.4, and 0.19 µM, respectively) and were not cytotoxic to HB2 and MDA-MB-231 cells. Selected compounds used in the transfection of a GFP plasmid showed high transfection efficacy and minimal cytotoxicity. Their interaction with plasmid DNA and the increasing length of the main chain of tested compounds strongly influenced the organization and shape of the flower-like nanostructures formed, which were unique for 5/6-FAM-O2Oc-[Dap(GO2)]8-O2Oc-NH2 and typical for large proteins. 相似文献
An efficient finite-element procedure with a remesh scheme has been developed for the analysis of the moving induction heat
treatment process, wherein relative motion occurs between the coil and the workpiece. In this procedure, the magnetic field
is first simulated by using an updated mesh that tracks the moving coil position; the moving heat source within the workpiece
material is derived from the magnetic field. The heat equation is then solved to obtain the temperature field created by the
heat source. The procedure has been applied to calculate the temperature distributions in 1080 carbon steel cylinders during
induction heating. The calculations have been validated by comparison with analytical solutions for the temperature distribution
obtained using Green’s function methods. Finally, the temperature, residual stress, and microstructure distributions in quenched
1080 steel cylinders have been obtained using the finite-element procedure. Quenching of the heated cylinders, by both a moving
cooling ring and a stationary liquid bath, has been analyzed. The finite-element procedure presented incorporates temperature-dependent
material properties, phase transformations occurring in the 1080 steel, the change in magnetic permeability of the 1080 steel
at the Curie temperature, and an elastoplastic stress model based on a mixed hardening rule. The simulation results demonstrate
that the finite-element procedure could be applied to a variety of moving induction heat treatment problems to determine the
residual stress and microstructure distributions in the heat-treated component. It also could be used in the design of process
parameters and coils. 相似文献
Photoelasticity is a method which yields information on the principal stress difference and orientation in a composite structure. Various problems associated with this technique, especially those concerning the fundamental relationship between the fringe order and the stress, have yet to be investigated. A few studies of this relationship in a universal stress state have been presented, particularly in the field of rubber-to-metal and rubber-to-fabric composites, but no evaluations have so far been made in the field of rubber-to-rubber joints. Applying the photoelastic method, we report our observations on the stress distribution in a natural rubber to natural rubber joint subjected to uniaxial tension. A comparison between the results of experimental photoelastic studies and the corresponding computer modelling has been illustrated. The theoretical displacement pattern of the angular joints of bi-rubber part has also been highlighted. 相似文献
Modelling of chemical reactors is reviewed with an emphasis on process development and scale-up. A distinction is made between modelling of chemical kinetics, of rate processes in volume elements and of whole reactors. Examples are mainly taken from papers presented at the Sixth International Symposium on Chemical Reaction Engineering. Special attention is given to the modelling of single phase reactors, fixed beds, trickle beds, fluid beds, and gas bubble reactors. 相似文献