Development of Resource-Saving Technology of Linseed Harvesting

ABSTRACT

The traditional technology of linseed harvesting involves the cutting of the stems with subsequent threshing. During cutting part of the stem remains on the field, which causes significant losses of fibrous raw materials. Threshing of stems by traditional technology also causes significant damage to the linseed straw. Developed resource-saving technology of linseed harvesting provides first linseed thrashing on the plants with subsequent pulling of stems. With this sequence of technological operations, all linseed stems and seeds are preserved without damage. For the implementation of resource-saving technology proposed design of flax thresher and flax puller. The results of experimental studies of the properties of linseed fibre obtained from the linseed showed that such fibre is suitable for the production of non-woven materials, technical textiles and paper. The introduction of resource-saving technology of linseed harvesting will save the harvest of seeds and straw with minimal losses and damage. Resource-saving technology will increase the profitability of linseed cultivation.     

助剂对过氧化尿素漂白亚麻短纤维性能的影响

分析了过氧化尿素的漂白特点,探讨了亚麻短纤维漂白性能的影响因素.试验表明:渗透剂JFC用量2.0~2.5g/L、焦磷酸钠用量2.5~3.0 g/L、络合剂EDTA用量3.5 g/L时,亚麻短纤维白度高、强力损伤低.     

Biological Scouring of Flax Rove with Alkalophilic Strains

To achieve bio-scouring or biological degumming of the flax roving, a kind of eco-friendly techniques, an alkalophilic strain was screened from the rotten wrack around Zhoushan archipelago sea area. It was characterized as Cellulomonas sp and named Cellulomonas sp DA8 by measuring the strain morphology, physiology, biochemistry, and the 16s rDNA sequences. Determination of enzyme activity showed that the activities of petinase and xylanase were obtained, and enzyme activities are stable under 50°C and at pH values in the range of 6.5 to 9.0. It was utilized to scour the flax roving under alkaline conditions, and the result showed that the strain had a good characteristic of scouring, and less strength loss of flax fiber was 14.19%. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that the gum in the flax fiber was mostly degraded, and the most smooth fiber surface was displayed, compared with fiber untreated and scoured by caustic soda.     

亚麻脱胶后纤维的纵向结构和强力的研究

采用新的方法对亚麻进行浸渍，并探讨了浸渍后的亚麻的纵向结构和强力，从扫描电镜中发现纤维有支化现象．分析了亚麻在加工的不同阶段中强力产生差异的原因。     

胡麻纤维化学改性和染色性能的研究

在分析胡麻纤维性质特点的基础上,讨论了胡麻纤维的化学改性和染色问题.胡麻纤维经碱改性后,纤维的聚合度、结晶度和取向度都有不同程度的下降,纤维上染率也有明显提高.此外碱改性还能使麻纤维产生物理化学变化和结构的变异,使麻纤维的回弹性和柔软度得到改善,抗皱性能提高,大大改变了其制品的服用性能.     

超细亚麻/绢丝/精梳棉混纺针织纱的生产实践

改性亚麻纤维细软、蓬松．可以满足高支混纺纱的纺纱要求。使用改性亚麻与绢丝、精梳棉混纺，可获得全新效果的混纺纱，使亚麻织物趋于高品质和轻薄化，提高了亚麻织物的附加值。文章就超细亚麻／绢丝／精梳棉混纺针织纱的生产工艺作了探讨。     

The use of FT‐IR microspectroscopic mapping to study the effects of enzymatic retting of flax (Linum usitatissimum L) stems

Fourier transform infrared (FT‐IR) microspectroscopic mapping was investigated as a tool to study the effects of enzymatic retting of flax stems. The FT‐IR technique permitted the elucidation of the relative loss or changes in the distribution of key chemical components after treatment with enzymes or enzyme/chelator mixtures in association with visible changes in structure. Cross‐sections of Ariane flax stems were treated with SP 249 (a pectinase‐rich enzyme mixture from Novo Nordisk) at 0.5, 0.7 or 1.0 ml l^?1 concentration in pH 5 acetate buffer for 6 h at 40 °C. Flax stems treated with 0.5 or 0.7 ml l^?1 SP 249 and 50 mM oxalic acid as a chelator were also investigated by the technique. The results indicated that treatment with 0.5 ml l^?1 SP 249 alone was ineffective in releasing the fibre bundles from the surrounding tissue, but the release was increased by the addition of 50 mM oxalic acid as a likely chelator for the cations of pectate salts. However, the IR spectra of the bundles indicated that an insoluble oxalate salt remained on the tissue after this treatment. Increasing the concentration of SP 249 to 0.7 ml l^?1 plus 50 mM oxalic acid was effective in releasing the fibre bundles and generating some ultimate fibres with no detectable oxalate expectate salt residues. Increasing the SP 249 concentration to 1.0 ml l^?1 without using oxalic acid was effective in separating the fibre bundles into ultimate (individual) fibres, leaving no pectate salt residue and only a trace of pectic esters and/or acids. The use of infrared mapping, or so‐called chemical imaging, is shown to have advantages over visible imaging alone in that it can detect and locate the chemical species present after each treatment in relation to the anatomical features of the flax stem. This analytical tool shows promise as a technique by which to study the effects of enzymatic treatment of natural fibre materials. Published in 2002 for SCI by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd     

亚麻织物阻燃整理的技术探讨

采用适合于纤维素纤维的阻燃剂(CFR-201)对亚麻织物进行阻燃整理,运用数理统计中的正交表及极差分析法对所得结果进行分析,从而确定亚麻织物阻燃整理的最佳工艺参数:阻燃剂用量350g/L,树脂用量80g/L,温度170℃,柔软剂用量8g/L,炭长78mm,强损28%.     

代用碱在亚麻织物活性冷轧堆染色中的应用

采用代用碱ALKAFLO~CPB作为亚麻织物活性冷轧堆染色用固色助剂,探讨碱剂类型、碱剂用量、尿素用量、氯化钠用量、冷轧堆温度和时间对染色效果的影响。研究结果表明,其染色织物的表观色深高于混合碱剂;当染料用量为10 g/L时,其优化的染色工艺为:代用碱30 g/L,尿素30 g/L,氯化钠10~30 g/L,染色温度30℃,染色时间6~9 h;其染色织物的耐洗和耐摩擦牢度均在3级以上。     

亚麻纱线前处理工艺探讨

研究了亚麻酶精练和碱氧一浴前处理工艺因素对前处理效果的影响.用单因素试验优化各工艺条件,测试各工艺的整理效果.结果表明,酶精练优化工艺条件为:亚麻脱胶酶Superzyme B-YM 3 g/L,渗透剂JFC 2 g/L,pH=7,浴比1∶20,温度65℃,时间40min;碱氧一浴法前处理优化工艺条件为:30%双氧水12 g/L,烧碱10 g/L,精练剂2 g/L,尿素3 g/L,浴比1∶20,温度100℃,时间60 min.酶精练法特点:工艺流程短、反应条件温和、污染小以及节约能源.碱氧一浴法特点:前处理流程短,省时节能;强碱作用下纤维的损伤大,试验设备要求较高.2种工艺相比,酶精练处理的产品木质素降低量大于果胶质降低量,且在失重率、毛效、纤维强力、白度上均优于碱氧一浴法优化工艺.酶精练处理后,亚麻纱线白度为73.8,毛效为12.5 cm/30 min,单纤维强力为23.69 cN/tex,纱线中果胶质含量为1.85%,木质素含量为1.22%.