油改性醇酸树脂的制备及催化剂对合成工艺影响因素的研究

探讨了以亚麻油、丙三醇、苯酐为原料制备油改性醇酸树脂的方法及催化剂对合成工艺性能的影响.     

亚麻用磷氮阻燃剂的合成及阻燃性能

试验以三聚氯氰和亚磷酸二甲酯为原料,合成了一种新型的磷氮无醛阻燃剂,并将其用于亚麻织物的阻燃整理.通过测试整理后织物的阻燃性能,优化阻燃剂合成条件.结果表明,亚磷酸二甲酯与三聚氯氰物质的量之比为2.1:1,反应温度为60℃,反应时间为6 h时,制得的阻燃剂阻燃效果最好.     

亚麻纤维毡/不饱和聚酯树脂复合材料成型工艺研究

采用真空辅助树脂传递模塑法(VARTM)制取了亚麻纤维毡增强不饱和聚酯树脂复合材料，研究其成型工艺，分析了在成型过程中的树脂导入方法和树脂流动性，通过大量试验找出一种较为合适的树脂注入方式，制备出了性能良好的复合材料板材．     

亚麻纤维增强立构聚乳酸复合材料的制备及界面改性

采用熔融共混及注塑成型法制得立构聚乳酸(sc-PLA)及亚麻纤维/立构聚乳酸(Flax/sc-PLA)复合材料,并通过差示扫描量热分析、动态力学分析、热重分析、扫描电镜、维卡软化温度及力学性能测试等方法研究了亚麻纤维增强及偶联剂六亚甲基二异氰酸酯(HMDI)界面改性对Flax/sc-PLA复合材料结构与性能的影响。结果表明:亚麻纤维的加入可有效提高sc-PLA的立构结晶度、耐热性以及力学性能,Flax/sc-PLA复合材料的立构结晶度由17.3%提高到24.9%,维卡软化温度由161.1℃升至195.7℃,拉伸强度也从57.4 MPa提高到62.5 MPa。通过HMDI界面改性可有效改善复合材料的界面相容性,使复合材料的拉伸强度进一步提高到70.4 MPa。此外,HMDI改性还提高了复合材料的热稳定性,其初始降解温度和动态储能模量G'均比未改性复合材料显著提高。     

An evaluation of supercritical fluid extraction as an analytical tool to determine fat in canola,flax, solin,and mustard

Supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) with carbon dioxide was used to extract oil from soft oilseeds (flax, solin, canola, and mustard). Oil content determinations from the SFE method AOCS Am 3–96, with and without ethanol as a modifier, were compared to results obtained with an exhaustive extraction using petroleum ether (FOSFA as in AOCS Am 2–93). Without the modifier, oil recoveries using SFE were 10 to 15% lower than oil contents by the FOSFA method for the flax and canola samples. For mustard, the oil recoveries by SFE were about 20 to 30% lower than oil contents by the FOSFA method. In the presence of the modifier, oil recoveries for flax and canola were about 3% lower than the FOSFA recoveries. Varying the time, temperature, and amount of modifier (ethanol) showed that recoveries increased with time, pressure, temperature, and amount of modifier independently of the oilseeds tested. Kinetics of the SFE extraction showed that the oil recoveries increased with the extraction time and reached a plateau after 60 min. Multiple extractions (2×30 min), however, gave better recoveries than a single extraction for the same amount of time (60 min). The best results were obtained using multiple extractions without modifier or a combination of multiple extractions first without and then with 15% modifier. Under these last two conditions, oil recoveries were close to 100% for flax, solin, and canola, but mustard oil recoveries were still 10% lower than recoveries using the FOSFA method. Mustard samples gave the lowest oil recovery from SFE when compared to FOSFA method recoveries whatever conditions were tested, suggesting a matrix effect on the oil recovery. The acyl lipid content of the various extracts was studied using the sum of all FA expressed as TAG as a measure of acyl lipid extraction. The acyl lipid contents of the extracts were close to 100% when no modifier was used during the SFE. In the presence of modifier, the acyl lipid contents of the extracts were 10 to 15% lower than the results obtained without modifier. The amount of acyl lipid in the extract decreased as the quantity of modifier increased. This suggests that increasing the ethanol modifier increased the amount of polar compounds extracted without significantly increasing the total amount of lipids. The FA profiles were constant throughout the various extraction procedures.     

Simultaneous extraction of oil and antinutritional compounds from flaxseed

A two-phase solvent extraction process, developed in our laboratory for rapeseed, was used to simultaneously extract oil and toxic, antinutritional components from flaxseed to produce a meal suitable for animal feed. The most effective solvent systems consisted of hexane in combination with a solution of methanol that contained 10% (vol/vol) water and 2.5–5% (w/w) ammonia, or methanol that contained 10% water (vol/vol) and 0.08% (w/w) NaOH. The treatments were carried out both at laboratory and semipilot-plant scales. The success of the test with a pilot-scale Karr liquid-liquid extraction column suggested that this process could be readily carried out on an industrial scale. The resulting flax meal had a high protein content (40–47%) and low levels of cyanogenic glycosides (reduced by 90–100% from the starting material). The methanol-ammonia extraction reduced the total polyphenol content by ≈20%. The oil extraction efficiency of the Karr column was high, resulting in meal residual oil contents of ≈1%.     

Study of water sorption in modified flax fibers

Because of their good mechanical properties and low density, natural fibers are more and more considered as reinforcement in composite materials. To improve the adhesion between the polymer matrix and natural fibers and to reduce the water sorption, helium cold plasma and autoclave treatments have been performed on flax fibers. The effect of these treatments on water sorption has been investigated by means of a gravimetric static equilibrium method (IGA). Water sorption isotherms have been deduced from kinetic data. Specific mathematical models have been tested to predict the water sorption isotherms of the treated flax fibers. The Park model based on the three sorption modes: Langmuir, Henry's law, and clustering, was successfully used to simulate the experimental sorption data. The results show no significant effect after plasma treatment while an increase of moisture resistance has been observed after autoclave treatment. This effect of autoclave treatment is interpreted in terms of modifications of cell‐wall structure. In a kinetic point of view, for the untreated and treated flax fibers, the variation of the diffusion coefficient with water concentration is in agreement with the three sorption modes of the Park model. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 101: 4281–4289, 2006     

亚麻油生产醇酸树脂漆醇解催化剂的改进

本文采用氢氧化锂加其它两种过渡金属氧化物复梧醇解反应催化剂，使反应时间缩短50％，并且提高了产品质量。     

Protection of Fibre Flax Crop Against Flea Beetles and Seedling Blight Using Compound Seed-Dressers

Abstract

The trial was carried out at Upyte Research Station of the Lithuanian Institute of Agriculture during the period 1999–2001, where flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) cv. ‘Baltuciai’ had been grown. The effect of compound seed-dressers RAPCOL FDL 323 CS (active ingredients: insecticide phurathiocarb 300 g l^?1 + fungicide metalaxil 20 g l^?1 + fungicide fludioxonil 3 g l^?1) (3000 ml 100 kg flaxseed^?1) and CRUISER OSR 321.3 FS (active ingredients: insecticide tiametoxam 280 g l^?1 + fungicide metalaxil-M 33.3 g l^?1 + fungicide fludioxonil 8 g l^?1) (dose rates 100, 250, 500, 750 and 1000 ml 100 kg flaxseed^?1) on the occurrence of flea beetles and seedling blight in flax crop when compared to the effect of seed-dresser Vitavax FF 200 (active ingredients: carboxine 200 g l^?1 + thiram 200 g l^?1) and insecticide Fastac 10 EC (active ingredient: alphacypermethrin 100 g l^?1) has been investigated.

The experimental findings suggest that 49.0 to 90.5% of flax plants were affected by flea beetles (Aphthona euphorbiaeSchr., Longitarsus parvulusPayk.) annually in the plots sown with untreated seed. Significantly fewer affected plants were identified in the plots sown with the seed treated with phurathiocarb 900 g + metalaxil 60 g + fludioxonil 6 g 100 kg^?1 seed (Rapcol, 3 l100 kg flaxseed^?1) and tiametoxam 28 g + metalaxil-M 3.33 g + fludioxonil 0.8 g 100 kg^?1 seed or tiametoxam 70 g + metalaxil-M 8.325 g + fludioxonil 2 g 100 kg^?1 seed (Cruiser,100 ml or 250 ml 100 kg^?1). Tiametoxam + metalaxil-M + fludioxonil, applied at higher dose rates (Cruiser, 500–1000 ml 100 kg^?1) gave a higher efficacy. The incidence of seedling blight (Colletotrichum lini (Westerdijk) Tochinai) was lower in the plots sown with the seed treated with compound seed-dressers. The impact of compound seed-dressers was noticed even at the flax 4–6 pairs of leaves stage.     

高支亚麻织物的染整加工

探讨高支亚麻轻薄织物的染整加工工艺,包括加工方式以及温度、浴比对水溶性维纶纱退除效果的影响。结果表明,退除维纶可采用平幅卷染和直接平洗两种方法,以平幅卷染工艺较可靠,但效率较低;连续平洗方法则对平洗箱的温度要求较高。整理后亚麻织物的色牢度、缩水率均能满足要求,无刺痒感,且吸湿透气。