Protection of Fibre Flax Crop Against Flea Beetles and Seedling Blight Using Compound Seed-Dressers

Abstract

The trial was carried out at Upyte Research Station of the Lithuanian Institute of Agriculture during the period 1999–2001, where flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) cv. ‘Baltuciai’ had been grown. The effect of compound seed-dressers RAPCOL FDL 323 CS (active ingredients: insecticide phurathiocarb 300 g l^?1 + fungicide metalaxil 20 g l^?1 + fungicide fludioxonil 3 g l^?1) (3000 ml 100 kg flaxseed^?1) and CRUISER OSR 321.3 FS (active ingredients: insecticide tiametoxam 280 g l^?1 + fungicide metalaxil-M 33.3 g l^?1 + fungicide fludioxonil 8 g l^?1) (dose rates 100, 250, 500, 750 and 1000 ml 100 kg flaxseed^?1) on the occurrence of flea beetles and seedling blight in flax crop when compared to the effect of seed-dresser Vitavax FF 200 (active ingredients: carboxine 200 g l^?1 + thiram 200 g l^?1) and insecticide Fastac 10 EC (active ingredient: alphacypermethrin 100 g l^?1) has been investigated.

The experimental findings suggest that 49.0 to 90.5% of flax plants were affected by flea beetles (Aphthona euphorbiaeSchr., Longitarsus parvulusPayk.) annually in the plots sown with untreated seed. Significantly fewer affected plants were identified in the plots sown with the seed treated with phurathiocarb 900 g + metalaxil 60 g + fludioxonil 6 g 100 kg^?1 seed (Rapcol, 3 l100 kg flaxseed^?1) and tiametoxam 28 g + metalaxil-M 3.33 g + fludioxonil 0.8 g 100 kg^?1 seed or tiametoxam 70 g + metalaxil-M 8.325 g + fludioxonil 2 g 100 kg^?1 seed (Cruiser,100 ml or 250 ml 100 kg^?1). Tiametoxam + metalaxil-M + fludioxonil, applied at higher dose rates (Cruiser, 500–1000 ml 100 kg^?1) gave a higher efficacy. The incidence of seedling blight (Colletotrichum lini (Westerdijk) Tochinai) was lower in the plots sown with the seed treated with compound seed-dressers. The impact of compound seed-dressers was noticed even at the flax 4–6 pairs of leaves stage.     

高支亚麻织物的染整加工

探讨高支亚麻轻薄织物的染整加工工艺,包括加工方式以及温度、浴比对水溶性维纶纱退除效果的影响。结果表明,退除维纶可采用平幅卷染和直接平洗两种方法,以平幅卷染工艺较可靠,但效率较低;连续平洗方法则对平洗箱的温度要求较高。整理后亚麻织物的色牢度、缩水率均能满足要求,无刺痒感,且吸湿透气。     

Innovative flax tapes reinforced Acrodur biocomposites: A new alternative for automotive applications

Flax Acrodur biocomposites are elaborated with an innovative flax reinforcement consisting of long technical fibers unidirectionally arranged without any weft and twist. The fibers cohesion is performed by using a new process consisting by reactivating the pectin cement. A polyester thermoset matrix (Acrodur) is used to impregnate the flax reinforcement and to produce unidirectional (UD) laminates. The relationship between the main process variables (drying, fibers content, densification and curing parameters) and the properties of the biocomposites is investigated. The optimized biocomposites have an elastic modulus of 18 ± 1 GPa with 55% wt.% flax fiber content and a low density of 0.93 g/cm³. The thermal stability of the developed biocomposites is also investigated by Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) and Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA). DMA results show a slight change of the storage modulus in a range of temperature from 23 °C to 160 °C. The appropriate processing parameters for the biocomposites are established. The developed flax tapes reinforced Acrodur biocomposites have a potential to be integrated for automotive applications thanks to their high stiffness/weight ratio and environmental advantages.     

The Impact of Environmental Factors and Applied Agronomy on Quantitative and Qualitative Traits of Flax Fiber

According to the Liebieg’s law—in many regions of Europe, the main limiting factor that affects very often flax yield are weather conditions (precipitation). Resistance to drought stress of 51 flax genotypes was evaluated in pot trials (2002–2012). Controlled drought stress (62.5% optimal soil humidity) caused a decrease in fiber yield by 39.7–49.3% and a substantial drop in quality. Among the tested cultivars, the ones that gave relatively promising yields in conditions of water deficit were: Sara [PL], Ilona [NL], Modran [PL], Escalina [NL], Luna [PL], Aliz?e [FR], Artemida [PL], Selena [PL], Modran [PL], Nike [PL], and Venica [CZ]. Relatively good yields of fiber for these varieties were the result of the good yields of straw.

In field trials carried out on two types of soil (pseudosolic and black soil), the highest fiber yield with good quality was obtained using: (1) sowing density of 2 800 seeds m^?2, (2) row sowing, (3) harvesting time at green-yellow maturity stage (BBCH 83). Higher plant densities using row sowing resulted in higher fiber content (% in straw) together with better quality (tex). Earlier harvest times (BBCH 75, BBCH 79) allowed for obtaining very thin fiber. The content of pectin and lignin in the fiber increased with harvesting delay.     

亚麻/聚丙烯复合材料的成型工艺和拉伸性能研究

本文探讨了亚麻/聚丙烯纤维复合材料的制备工艺和拉伸性能.对亚麻纤维含量分别为30%、40%、50%、60%、70%的复合材料进行比较,分析增强纤维含量对复合材料拉伸性能的影响;对模压温度分别为150℃、160℃、170℃、180℃、190℃的复合材料进行比较,分析模压温度对复合材料拉伸性能的影响,最后确定模压温度及亚麻/聚丙烯纤维的混合比.     

纺织纤维及其产品开发

分析了几种韧皮纤维、棉纤维、木棉纤维、丽赛纤维,及几种特种毛纤维和芳纶的性能特点,叙述了针对上述纤维特性可以开发的纺织品的范畴.认为今后数年内传统纤维仍是纺织生产的主力原料,后差别化纤维时代将是回归自然的天然纤维和超天然的功能性纤维材料的时代.     

亚麻非织造布成型性及其复合材料强度研究

使用经过缝合增强的亚麻非织造布模压制作曲面复合材料时发现，亚麻非织造布并没出现明显的起拱、起皱、纤维过度滑移等现象，表明缝合增强的亚麻非织造布具有良好的成型性．文中还通过对制成品进行强度测试确认，适当的增加针刺次数和缝合密度，可以提高制品的力学性能，针刺2次、缝合间距2cm的制品强度最高．     

预制梁养护工艺研究

结合几内亚凯乐塔水电站进厂公路的4座桥梁工程,介绍了在极端炎热条件下,采用在空心板的腹腔内灌水、表面铺设麻布或土工布洒水湿润的预制养护技术,通过温度观测资料分析和强度测试,验证了养护措施的可行性和可靠性。     

亚麻织物的拒水拒油整理

采用含氟拒水拒油整理剂FK-510．通过正交试验对亚麻织物进行拒水拒油整理．优选出亚麻织物拒水拒油整理的工艺条件：FK-510用量为60g／L；氯化镁用量为6g／L；预烘温度90℃．时间5min；焙烘温度160℃。时间1min．整理后织物的拒水拒油性能优良．且对织物强力、透气性无明显影响．     

亚麻短纤维摩擦包芯竹节纱的开发

在DREF-Ⅲ型摩擦纺纱机上,以亚麻短纤维为外包纤维、涤纶短纤维为芯纱、棉纤维为竹节纤维,开发亚麻短纤维摩擦包芯竹节纱产品,探索该类产品的纺纱工艺及规律。