A data collection protocol for real-time sensor applications

The nature of many sensor applications as well as continuously changing sensor data often imposes real-time requirements on wireless sensor network protocols. Due to numerous design constraints, such as limited bandwidth, memory and energy of sensor platforms, and packet collisions that can potentially lead to an unbounded number of retransmissions, timeliness techniques designed for real-time systems and real-time databases cannot be applied directly to wireless sensor networks. Our objective is to design a protocol for sensor applications that require periodic collection of raw data reports from the entire network in a timely manner. We formulate the problem as a graph coloring problem. We then present TIGRA (Timely Sensor Data Collection using Distributed Graph Coloring) — a distributed heuristic for graph coloring that takes into account application semantics and special characteristics of sensor networks. TIGRA ensures that no interference occurs and spatial channel reuse is maximized by assigning a specific time slot for each node. Although the end-to-end delay incurred by sensor data collection largely depends on a specific topology, platform, and application, TIGRA provides a transmission schedule that guarantees a deterministic delay on sensor data collection.     

脱水过程中无核白葡萄转录组测序及膜脂降解代谢中关键基因的筛选

该研究以吐鲁番地区无核白葡萄为试验材料,在25 ℃常温和30 ℃热风干燥后,取失水25%、50%时褐变和未褐变的样品。利用转录组测序技术筛选出膜脂降解代谢相关的关键基因,并利用实时荧光定量PCR技术对其进行验证,研究结果显示,转录组测序共获得了11.63亿的clean data,当无核白失水50%时未褐变与褐变的相比,在快速脱水组筛选出718个差异表达基因,慢速脱水组2 259个。将上述基因进行GO功能富集和KEGG富集分析后,筛选出43个膜脂代谢相关的差异基因,归类于5种代谢途径。从已获得的差异基因中最终筛选出乙醛脱氢酶7B4（Aldehyde Dehydrogenase7B4,ALDH7B4）、双半乳糖甘油二酯合成酶1（Digalactose Diglycerol Synthetase1,DGD1）、脂氧合酶（Lipoxygenase,LOX）、磷脂磷酸水解酶2（Lipid Phosphate Phosphatase2,LPP2）、二酰基甘油激酶5（Diacylglycerol Kinase5,DGK5）、非特异性磷脂酶C4（Non-specific Phospholipase C4,NPC4）、磷脂酶Dα1（Phospholipase Dα1,PLDα1）7个膜脂代谢相关的关键基因,经qRT-PCR验证,基因表达趋势与转录组测序结果基本一致。结果表明,膜脂降解代谢相关基因表达量变化对无核白脱水褐变有一定影响。     

Amine Coordinated Electron-Rich Palladium Nanoparticles for Electrochemical Hydrogenation of Benzaldehyde

Electrocatalytic hydrogenation (ECH) is a burgeoning strategy for the sustainable utilization of hydrogen. However, how to effectively suppress the competitive hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is a big challenge to ECH catalysis. In this study, amine (NH₂ R)-coordinated Pd nanoparticles loaded on carbon felt (Pd@CF) as a catalyst is successfully synthesized by a one-step solvothermal reduction method using oleylamine as the reducing agent. An exceptional ECH reactivity on benzaldehyde is achieved on the optimal Pd@CF catalyst in terms of a high conversion (89.7%) and selectivity toward benzyl alcohol (89.8%) at −0.4 V in 60 min. Notably, the Faradaic efficiency for producing benzyl alcohol is up to 90.2%, much higher than that catalyzed by Pd@CF-without N-group (41.1%) and thecommercial Pd/C (20.9%). The excellent ECH performance of Pd@CF can be attributed to the enriched electrons on Pd surface resulted from the introduction of NH₂ R groups, which strengthens both the adsorption of benzaldehyde and the adsorbed hydrogen (H_ads) on Pd, preventing the combination of H_ads to form H₂, that is, inhibiting the HER. This study gives a new insight into design principles of highly efficient electrocatalysts for the hydrogenation of unsaturated aldehydes molecules.     

A 2.20 eV Bandgap Polymer Donor for Efficient Colorful Semitransparent Organic Solar Cells

Semitransparent organic solar cells (ST-OSCs) have attracted increasing attention due to their promising prospect in building-integrated photovoltaics. Generally, efficient ST-OSCs with good average visible transmittance (AVT) can be realized by developing active layer materials with light absorption far from the visible light range. Herein, the development of ultrawide bandgap polymer donors with near-ultraviolet absorption, paired with near-infrared acceptors, is proposed to achieve high-performance ST-OSCs. The key points for the design of ultrawide bandgap polymers include constructing donor–donor type conjugated skeleton, suppressing the quinoidal resonance effect, and minimizing the twist of conjugated skeleton via noncovalent conformational locks. As a proof of concept, a polymer named PBOF with an optical bandgap of 2.20 eV is synthesized, which exhibited largely reduced overlap with the human eye photopic response spectrum and afforded a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 16.40% in opaque device. As a result, ST-OSCs with a PCE over 10% and an AVT over 30% are achieved without optical modulation. Moreover, colorful ST-OSCs with visual aesthetics can be achieved by tuning the donor/acceptor weight ratio in active layer benefiting from the ultrawide bandgap nature of PBOF. This study demonstrates the great potential of ultrawide bandgap polymers for efficient colorful ST-OSCs.     

Compact,ultra-low vibration,closed-cycle helium recycler for uninterrupted operation of MEG with SQUID magnetometers

A closed-cycle helium recycler was developed for continuous uninterrupted operation for magnetometer-based whole-head magnetoencephalography (MEG) systems. The recycler consists of a two stage 4 K pulse-tube cryocooler and is mounted on the roof of a magnetically shielded room (MSR). A flexible liquid helium (LHe) return line on the recycler is inserted into the fill port of the MEG system in the MSR through a slotted opening in the ceiling. The helium vapor is captured through a line that returns the gas to the top of the recycler assembly. A high-purity helium gas cylinder connected to the recycler assembly supplies the gas, which, after it is liquefied, increases the level of LHe in the MEG system during the start-up phase. No storage tank for evaporated helium gas nor a helium gas purifier is used. The recycler is capable of liquefying helium with a rate of ∼17 L/d after precooling the MEG system. It has provided a fully maintenance-free operation under computer control for 7 months without refill of helium. Although the recycler is used for single-orientation operation at this initial testing site, it is designed to operate at ±20° orientations, allowing the MEG system to be tilted for supine and reclining positions. Vibration of the recycler is dampened to an ultra-low level by using several vibration isolation methods, which enables uninterrupted operation during MEG measurements. Recyclers similar to this system may be quite useful even for MEG systems with 100% magnetometers.     

高效能空气净化器评价技术要求国家标准研究

本文论述了编制高效能空气净化器产品评价技术要求国家标准的意义和作用,介绍了标准研制的总体思路和原则,高效能空气净化器的定性和定量评价指标要求,测试、计算和评价方法等,通过国标的研制与实施,将引领并促进高效能空气净化器产品的生产与应用.     

合成介质对PEDOT催化染料敏化太阳电池光阴极性能的影响

采用聚3,4-乙烯二氧噻吩(PEDOT)/FTO为对电极,研究了合成介质对循环伏安法电聚合制备的PEDOT/FTO对电极性能的影响。通过SEM、CV、EIS、Tafel曲线,并首次采用SECM方法对所制备的对电极的电催化性能进行了表征。结果表明:在LiClO4水溶液和1-丁基-3-甲基四氟硼酸盐离子液体(IL)中制备的光阴极具有良好的电催化性能。J-V测试曲线表明,在LiClO4水溶液和IL中制备的光阴极所组装的DSSC器件的光电转化效率分别达6.4%和6.6%,接近于同等条件下以Pt对电极构建的DSSC器件的光电转化效率。     

Regulation of Polymer Configurations Enables Green Solvent-Processed Large-Area Binary All-Polymer Solar Cells With Breakthrough Performance and High Efficiency Stretchability Factor

With the great potential of the all-polymer solar cells for large-area wearable devices, both large-area device efficiency and mechanical flexibility are very critical but attract limited attention. In this work, from the perspective of the polymer configurations, two types of terpolymer acceptors PYTX-A and PYTX-B (X = Cl or H) are developed. The configuration difference caused by the replacement of non-conjugated units results in distinct photovoltaic performance and mechanical flexibility. Benefiting from a good match between the intrinsically slow film-forming of the active materials and the technically slow film-forming of the blade-coating process, the toluene-processed large-area (1.21 cm²) binary device achieves a record efficiency of 14.70%. More importantly, a new parameter of efficiency stretchability factor (ESF) is proposed for the first time to comprehensively evaluate the overall device performance. PM6:PYTCl-A and PM6:PYTCl-B yield significantly higher ESF than PM6:PY-IT. Further blending with non-conjugated polymer donor PM6-A, the best ESF of 3.12% is achieved for PM6-A:PYTCl-A, which is among the highest comprehensive performances.     

浅析40T支架搬运车液压系统油温变化对其效率的影响

介绍了油温变化对40T支架搬运车液压系统油液黏度、液压介质和橡胶类密封件的影响,分析了液压系统的总发热功率、总散热功率,结合动态热平衡的计算,找出了液压系统总效率与油温变化之间的关系,并给出其函数关系式。根据这种关系,通过一种工况的油温实测数据取样,计算出相应的效率值,定量地验证了液压系统油温变化引起效率变化的关系,得出了总效率随着温度变化而变化的结论,即温差增大时,总效率降低;温差减小时,总效率增大。通过该结论可以全面掌握系统的工作状态,通过降低油温有效提高效率。     

齐次等式约束线性回归模型条件根方估计的效率

对齐次等式约束线性回归模型回归系数的约束最小二乘估计提出改进,引入一种估计的相对效率,证明在一定条件下,狭义条件根方估计、广义条件根方估计的效率均高于约束最小二乘估计的效率．