硅烷偶联剂预处理对Q235钢表面聚偏氟乙烯涂层性能的影响

先采用KH-560硅烷偶联剂体积分数不同的硅烷溶液处理Q235钢,再制备聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)防腐涂层。研究了KH-560体积分数对硅烷溶液水解率及PVDF涂层的表面形貌、疏水性和耐蚀性的影响。结果表明,采用KH-560体积分数为9%的硅烷溶液预处理Q235钢后制备的PVDF涂层表面疏水性较强,在400°C内具有较好的热稳定性,硬度为5H,耐弯曲性、耐酸碱性、耐盐水性(14 d)均优于未采用硅烷溶液处理的O235钢上涂覆的PVDF涂层。     

A universal HF-free synthetic method to highly efficient narrow-band red-emitting A2XF6:Mn4+ (A = K,Na, Rb,Cs; X = Si,Ge, Ti) phosphors

Mn⁴⁺-activated fluoride red-emitting narrow-band phosphors have been successfully used in wide color-gamut white LEDs for liquid crystal display (LCD) backlights. However, highly concentrated and toxic HF is usually used in their synthesis, causing environment and safety issues. In this work, we proposed a HF-free green method, that is, using NH₄F/HCl instead of HF, to synthesize a series of A₂XF₆:Mn⁴⁺ (A = K, Na, Rb, Cs; X = Si, Ge, Ti) phosphors. The microstructure, photoluminescence (PL) properties, thermal quenching, and applications of the synthesized phosphors were investigated. Using the proposed approach, the phosphors generally showed a pure phase, a particle size ranging from 5 to 45 μm, and some characteristic sharp emission lines of Mn⁴⁺ in the red spectral range. The internal quantum efficiency was varied in a broad range of 69%-94% under the 460 nm excitation, depending on the composition of the fluoride host. Among these compositions, K₂XF₆:Mn⁴⁺ (X = Ge and Ti) phosphors even had a similar external quantum efficiency (>60%) with commercial ones. By combining K₂GeF₆:Mn⁴⁺ (narrow-band red) and β-sialon:Eu²⁺ (narrow-band green) with a blue LED, a white light-emitting diode (wLED) backlight with a color gamut of 87.7% National Television System Committee Standard, color temperature of 8423 K, and a luminous efficacy of 110.8 lm/W was demonstrated. These results indicate that the synthetic method proposed in this work is universal for preparing highly efficient fluoride phosphors used in wLEDs.     

城市污水厂剩余污泥对水中F-的吸附性能研究

利用城市污水处理厂的剩余污泥对水中F-进行吸附处理,通过污泥投加量、F-初始质量浓度、时间、pH等反应条件的研究,探讨除氟效果和影响因素。结果表明,室温下,污泥对F-的吸附在60 min后达到平衡;20 g/L的污泥投加量对10 mg/L含氟水的F-去除率可达83.1%;污泥可在3~10的较大pH范围内保持稳定的除氟效果。准二级动力学模型很好地拟合了污泥对F-的吸附行为,Langmuir和Freundlich模型均符合污泥对F-的吸附特性,热力学参数的计算表明该吸附过程是自发的放热反应。     

拉伸流动场诱导PVDF/BaTiO3流延膜结晶行为研究

利用挤出流延过程中的拉伸应力场对聚偏氟乙烯/钛酸钡(PVDF/BaTiO3)复合材料进行原位非等温拉伸试验,研究了拉伸比及BaTiO3用量对PVDF/BaTiO3流延膜结晶结构和介电性能的影响。广角X射线衍射结果表明,PVDF/BaTiO3复合膜的取向程度明显大于纯PVDF。X射线小角衍射结果显示:对于纯PVDF,第二个散射峰的强度随拉伸的进行而不断提高,在拉伸比为1.5时,其强度明显超过第一个散射峰;加入BaTiO3后,第一个散射峰的强度比纯PVDF明显提高,而第二个散射峰的强度也随拉伸比的提高而增强。复合膜的组成相同时,其介电常数随拉伸比的提高而减小,而介电损耗随拉伸比的提高而增大。     

氟化铵溶解含氟硅渣制备氟硅酸铵的实验研究

以氟化铵溶液和含氟硅渣为原料,通过化学溶解的方式,制备氟硅酸铵产品。考察了反应温度、反应时间、氟化铵溶液浓度和物料配比（氟化铵与二氧化硅的物质的量比）等不同工艺条件对氟硅酸铵收率、二氧化硅转化率的影响。实验结果表明：反应温度为93 ℃、反应时间为60 min、氟化铵溶液质量分数为20%~30%、物料配比为6∶1.1、反应体系搅拌速度为200~300 r/min时,氟硅酸铵的收率和氟化铵的转化率可控制在90%以上。     

铜冶炼尾矿砂在污酸废水中固氟除氟的研究

介绍了某铜冶炼厂利用炉渣选铜后产生的尾矿砂对污酸废水进行除氟的试验情况,确定了最佳溶解条件和尾矿砂添加量.该冶炼厂将尾矿砂溶解于含氟污酸中,降低污酸中氟离子的腐蚀活性,并强化废水处理工序的絮凝沉降效果.试验表明:尾矿砂最佳溶解温度为50~60℃,溶解时间为1.0 h,尾矿砂最佳溶解粒径为300~400目,添加量为2.5~3.0 g/L.通过高氟污酸溶解尾矿砂,模拟现有污酸废水全流程处理工艺,中和上清液中ρ(F)在20~25 mg/L,除氟效果较为明显.     

Ca(OH)_2-CaCl_2沉淀法处理核工业高氟废水

为强化石灰沉淀法处理高氟废水时混合液的沉降性能,采用烧杯试验,分别考察了药剂投量、混凝剂投量、药剂投加顺序、原水F-浓度等因素对泥水分离性能的影响。研究表明,联合投加Ca(OH)_2和CaCl_2处理F-在5 000~10 000 mg/L的废水时,自絮凝会显著改善混合液沉降性能和出水浊度,而投加混凝剂的效果却有限。先Ca(OH)_2后CaCl_2的投加方式(二步法)比药剂同时投加(一步法)对沉降性能有较大的改善。运用分步加药法在中试规模的同程水平流斜板沉淀池实现了良好的固液分离效果。     

两段沉淀法处理含氟尾气、废水及固废减量化技术

研究采用两段沉淀法处理含氟尾气和废水及固废减量化技术,一段沉淀以理论量95%~105%石灰乳为沉淀剂,将含氟废水中的95%以上的氟离子沉淀除去;二段沉淀以理论量150%~200%的石灰乳为沉淀剂,并用盐酸调节pH至中性,两段沉淀后的废水F-质量浓度为8~12 mg/L。该项技术具有沉淀剂用量少、沉降速度快、过滤性能好、滤饼含水率低和固废量少的优点,值得进行推广应用。     

Mn-Al双氢氧化物对氟离子的吸附热力学和动力学研究

采用共沉淀法制备Mn-Al双氢氧化物吸附剂,并利用扫描电子显微镜(Scanning Electron Microscope,SEM)、红外光谱(Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy,FTIR)和比表面积分析仪(Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface area,BET)等对吸附材料进行了分析.并考察了其对氟离子吸附过程的热力学和动力学,并计算不同温度下该吸附过程的热力学参数.实验结果表明:pH值对Mn-Al吸附剂除氟效能有一定的影响,pH值为6时吸附容量最佳达到了44.15 mg·g-1;实验数据遵循拟二级反应动力学模型;Mn-Al吸附剂对氟离子的吸附符合Langmuir-Freundlich吸附等温模型;热力学参数吉布斯自由能(△G0)小于零,焓变(△H0)＞0,熵变(△S0)＞0,说明Mn-Al双氢氧化物吸附剂对氟离子的吸附反应是自发吸热熵增过程.     

Efficient dual‐mode up‐conversion and down‐shifting emission in β‐NaYF4:Yb3+,Er3+ microcrystals via ion exchange

We report efficient dual‐mode up‐conversion (UC) and down‐shifting (DS) emission in a single Yb³⁺/Er³⁺‐co‐doped β‐NaYF₄ microcrystals with controlled morphology and size via a simple Na⁺ ion‐exchange modification (IEM) method. IEM well preserves the crystal structure and monodispersed morphology of hydrothermal‐synthesized β‐NaYF₄. Meanwhile, IEM gives rise to the significant enhancement of UC emission intensity up to 3800 times and strongly enhanced DS emission intensity of Er³⁺ and Yb³⁺ by several times in β‐NaYF₄:Yb³⁺,Er³⁺ microcrystals. IEM also strongly prolongs the DS emission lifetimes of Er³⁺ and Yb³⁺ in visible and near‐infrared region. The enhanced UC and DS emission intensities and prolonged lifetimes in β‐NaYF₄:Yb³⁺,Er³⁺ are mainly ascribed to the dispersing of localized Yb³⁺ and Er³⁺ clusters during IEM.