300MW火电厂灰场坝体变形观测设计方案

文章通过对某发电厂贮灰场坝体变形观测,介绍了变形观测基准网和监测网的布网、施测细则、质量保证措施、工艺流程和方案设计情况.     

基于拟三元等温图对宁东粉煤灰高温熔融流动特性的研究

在气流床气化炉的实际运行中,经常需要寻求最优的进料煤调配方案以调控煤灰的熔融流动特性。借助SiO₂-Al₂O₃-AAEM(CaO+MgO+Na₂O+K₂O)拟三元等温图,分析了不同组成的宁东煤灰熔融特性,并结合X-射线衍射(XRD)探究了灰在熔化过程中的矿物质转化规律。发现熔融温度在拟三元等温图中呈现U型分布。当SiO₂、Al₂O₃和AAEM质量分数分别为37.5%、25.0%和37.5%时,灰的熔融温度达到最低,流动温度比宁东煤灰降低40 ℃。对灰熔化过程中矿物质转化分析发现,熔化过程中石英与氧化钙会发生矿物质转化反应生成低熔点的钙黄长石和长石,对其熔化具有明显的促进作用;对灰熔化后形成液态熔渣的黏-温特性曲线分析发现,该比例下灰样品同时具有最低的临界黏性温度(T_CV=1107 ℃)和最低的黏性流动活化能(E_a=282.86 kJ/mol),可有效降低气化炉的操作温度。研究表明,拟三元等温图对于气化原料配煤方案可起到一定的指导作用。     

粉煤灰制备吸附剂捕集CO2的研究

利用粉煤灰为原料,制备2大类可用于烟气中CO₂捕集的吸附剂。一类是沸石分子筛类吸附剂,利用水热合成法得到A型、X型等沸石分子筛吸附剂。一类是利用粉煤灰制备出适合的多孔载体,使用浸渍法得到固态胺类吸附剂。沸石分子筛对于CO₂主要是物理吸附,吸附容量169~223 mg/g,固态胺吸附剂是利用胺基与CO₂结合介于物理与化学吸附之间,吸附容量108~189 mg/g。实现将粉煤灰以废治废,即可以缓解粉煤灰对环境的影响,也能够实现碳减排,对社会和经济协调发展有利。     

铵盐浸渍预处理对活性炭性能的影响

以除尘灰分离炭粉为原料，采用化学物理活化法制得活性炭。研究了铵盐浸渍预处理对活性炭特性的影响，讨论了比表面积对活性炭吸附性能的影响。结果表明，铵盐浸渍可以明显提高活性炭的比表面积，当浸渍比为2：1时，用除尘灰制得活性炭的比表面积最大值达1191．8m^2/g，且其合适的孔结构可以提高对二甲苯的吸附能力。对铵盐浸渍预处理的活化机理作了初步探讨。     

石英砂岩骨料碱活性抑制试验研究

在某水电工程对混凝土骨料料源的选择阶段,初步选定的1#料场石英砂岩骨料被鉴定为具有潜在危害性的碱-硅酸反应(ASR)活性的可疑骨料。通过抑制骨料碱活性效能试验表明,采用低碱水泥取代高碱水泥,或掺一定比例掺合料于高碱水泥中,对骨料的ASR反应都有一定的抑制效果[1],并对几种方法的抑制效果进行了对比分析。研究成果可为其他类似工程提供参考。     

The Study of Otsu Algorithm Applied in the Measuring of Ash Proportion

To further improve the boiler ash ratio detection methods and resource utilization, through image processing technology for boiler ash ratio analysis, the article first studied the one-dimensional Otsu algorithm, and then for the one-dimensional Otsu algorithm, in order to improve the accuracy of the algorithm, then it puts forward a two-dimensional Otsu algorithm. Finally the two-dimensional Otsu algorithm combined with the one-dimensional Otsu algorithm and the improved Otsu algorithm. By analyzing the improved Otsu algorithm, this paper considers the pixel gray value, neighborhood information, excluding light, noise and the relative efficiency of one-dimensional Otsu algorithm higher accuracy. The relative dimensional Otsu algorithm operating efficiency has been greatly improved. Improved Otsu algorithm in dealing with boiler ash ratio detection has played a very good part in the ecological environment, economic development and some other important aspects.     

基于多分区自适应改进果蝇算法的风光燃储微电网协调控制策略

为了使微电网控制系统中PI控制器的参数能够更好地适应可再生能源的随机性和波动性,提出了基于自适应步长的四分区多策略果蝇优化算法(fruit fly optimization algorithm, FOA)对PI参数进行实时优化。首先,以风光燃储微电网不同微源控制系统中的变换器为控制对象,建立微电网整体控制系统模型,基于此模型实时调整PI参数。然后,根据不同果蝇个体的适应度值将果蝇种群分为4个区,同时考虑4个区果蝇收敛性以及多样性的差异,设计不同的自适应更新策略。最后,采用所提算法对各微源控制过程中的PI参数进行寻优,与其他3种智能算法进行对比,验证了所提算法的可行性和优越性。仿真结果表明,所提算法可以使系统变换器响应速度更快,输出更加稳定。     

Fuzzy Fruit Fly Optimized Node Quality-Based Clustering Algorithm for Network Load Balancing

Recently, the fundamental problem with Hybrid Mobile Ad-hoc Networks (H-MANETs) is to find a suitable and secure way of balancing the load through Internet gateways. Moreover, the selection of the gateway and overload of the network results in packet loss and Delay (DL). For optimal performance, it is important to load balance between different gateways. As a result, a stable load balancing procedure is implemented, which selects gateways based on Fuzzy Logic (FL) and increases the efficiency of the network. In this case, since gateways are selected based on the number of nodes, the Energy Consumption (EC) was high. This paper presents a novel Node Quality-based Clustering Algorithm (NQCA) based on Fuzzy-Genetic for Cluster Head and Gateway Selection (FGCHGS). This algorithm combines NQCA with the Improved Weighted Clustering Algorithm (IWCA). The NQCA algorithm divides the network into clusters based upon node priority, transmission range, and neighbour fidelity. In addition, the simulation results tend to evaluate the performance effectiveness of the FFFCHGS algorithm in terms of EC, packet loss rate (PLR), etc.     

粉煤灰漂珠@BaTiO_3@PAn的制备及其电流变性能

聚苯胺(PAn)作为电流变材料具有响应快、屈服应力大的特点,但因其良好的导电性能导致漏电击穿现象发生,为了进一步增加PAn的悬浮稳定性,引入了粉煤灰漂珠(FAFB),BaTiO_3作为经典的电介质材料也引入其中以进一步提高材料的介电性能。采用逐层包覆的思路,利用溶胶-凝胶法在漂珠表面包覆BaTiO_3,获得FAFB@BaTiO_3,再利用原位聚合法制备以FAFB@BaTiO_3为核、PAn为壳的结构复合材料即FAFB@BaTiO_3@PAn。利用FTIR、XRD和SEM对材料的结构与形貌进行分析,借助四探针技术和LCR数字电桥对材料的导电与介电性能进行分析,利用自组装电流变仪进行了电流变特性测试,考察了7d内的悬浮稳定性能。结果表明:BaTiO_3、PAn确实发生了逐层包覆,且电导率、介电常数、介电损耗和剪切应力均符合复合效应规律,介于PAn与FAFB@BaTiO_3之间,其中,剪切应力可达675Pa(电场强度为3.0kV/mm);漏电现象得到缓解,击穿电压提高了20%;比较悬浮稳定性发现,7d后FAFB@BaTiO_3@PAn悬浮率仍为82%。     

肉豆蔻酸/改性粉煤灰复合相变储能材料的制备及性能研究

以肉豆蔻酸(MA)为相变储能基材、改性粉煤灰为复合基底,采用熔融混合法制备了肉豆蔻酸/改性粉煤灰复合相变储能材料。利用TG/DTA与IR分析研究了复合相变储能材料的热性能与结构。结果表明:MA可均匀地嵌入改性粉煤灰的多孔结构中。经过400次储放热循环后,其相变温度和相变焓变化都不大,表现出较好的储热稳定性,有望在储能方面得到实际的应用。