Target differentiation with simple infrared sensors using statistical pattern recognition techniques

This study compares the performances of various statistical pattern recognition techniques for the differentiation of commonly encountered features in indoor environments, possibly with different surface properties, using simple infrared (IR) sensors. The intensity measurements obtained from such sensors are highly dependent on the location, geometry, and surface properties of the reflecting feature in a way that cannot be represented by a simple analytical relationship, therefore complicating the differentiation process. We construct feature vectors based on the parameters of angular IR intensity scans from different targets to determine their geometry and/or surface type. Mixture of normals classifier with three components correctly differentiates three types of geometries with different surface properties, resulting in the best performance (100%) in geometry differentiation. Parametric differentiation correctly identifies six different surface types of the same planar geometry, resulting in the best surface differentiation rate (100%). However, this rate is not maintained with the inclusion of more surfaces. The results indicate that the geometrical properties of the targets are more distinctive than their surface properties, and surface recognition is the limiting factor in differentiation. The results demonstrate that simple IR sensors, when coupled with appropriate processing and recognition techniques, can be used to extract substantially more information than such devices are commonly employed for.     

灯泡贯流泵装置的基本流态分析

为了回答灯泡贯流泵装置中的灯泡体究竟应该前置还是应该后置的问题,应用水泵装置三维湍流数值模拟的方法分别研究了南水北调东线工程某泵站前置灯泡和后置灯泡贯流泵装置两个不同方案的流态,揭示了前置灯泡和后置灯泡贯流泵装置的基本流动属性;数值模拟的结果得到流道模型试验的验证。研究结果表明:前置灯泡贯流泵装置的进、出水流态均匀平顺,水力损失较小;后置灯泡贯流泵装置的进水流态均匀平顺,但出水流道内存在明显的偏流和旋涡流动,水力损失较大;灯泡体前置符合水力学的基本原理,是获得最佳灯泡贯流泵装置水力性能的必要条件之一。     

清水砼技术在民用建筑中的应用——浅谈建设项目如何应用新技术

本文通过介绍清水砼技术在民用建筑中的应用,对建设项目如何应用新技术进行探讨。     

省的基本原理及省转移的个案分析

分析了省的存在原理和转移原则，并对省转移的实际应用进行了实例对比分析，总结了省道转移中前胸省造型设计的规律，进一步探讨了省在实际设计中的应用规则。     

塔里木盆地主要构造不整合的分布特征及其与对油气成藏的控制作用

塔里木盆地是经历了多个原型盆地发育演化的大型叠合盆地，具有多期构造运动，发育多个区域构造不整合面。通过对构造层序和主要构造不整合分布的研究，总体上可以将塔里木盆地划分为5个一级构造层序和13个二级构造层序；主要构造不整合显示出一定的分布特征，大体从隆起区、斜坡区和坳陷区，常由高角度不整合、微角度或平行不整合到整合接触带。高角度不整合带，对油气的分布、运聚成藏起着一定的促进作用和破坏作用。不整合的发育，可以成为油气侧向运移的良好通道；可以为油气提供良好的储集场所和空间；也可以使先期油气藏遭到破坏和封闭重建，发生二次成藏。阐明不整合界面的特征，可以对分析盆地演化、古隆起古地貌恢复提供有利的依据．对油气的运移、聚集、成藏研究有着重要的意义。     

Finding approximate matches in large lexicons

Approximate string matching is used for spelling correction and personal name matching. In this paper we show how to use string matching techniques in conjunction with lexicon indexes to find approximate matches in a large lexicon. We test several lexicon indexing techniques, including n-grams and permuted lexicons, and several string matching techniques, including string similarity measures and phonetic coding. We propose methods for combining these techniques, and show experimentally that these combinations yield good retrieval effectiveness while keeping index size and retrieval time low. Our experiments also suggest that, in contrast to previous claims, phonetic codings are markedly inferior to string distance measures, which are demonstrated to be suitable for both spelling correction and personal name matching.     

On-Line Shape recognition with incremental training using binary synaptic weights algorithm

Recognition of hand drawn shapes is beneficial in drawing packages and automated sketch entry in handheld computers. In this paper, we propose a new approach to on-line geometric shape recognition with incremental training function, which utilizes a heuristic function to reduce noise and a neural network for classification and on-line training. Instead of recognizing segments of a drawing and then performing syntactical analysis to match with a predefined shape, which is weak in terms of generalization and dealing with noise, we examine the shape as a whole. The main concept of the recognition method is derived from the fact that internal angles are very important in the perceived shape of outlines. Our application's aim is to recognize elliptic, rectangular, and triangular shapes in a way similar to human cognition of these shapes. Human beings recognize such basic shapes regardless of the variations in size, noise on the shape border, rotation and in the case of triangles, regardless of the type of the triangle. The key concept is that the neural network learns the relationships between the internal angles of a shape and its classification, therefore only a few training samples which represent the class of the shape are sufficient. Fast meremental training, which is performed on-line, is accomplished by the use of the Binary Synaptic Weights algorithm, a one pass, feedforward neural network training algorithm. Incremental training offers the advantage of adjusting the recognition capability of the system to the user's drawings. the results are very successful, such that the neural network correctly classified shapes that did not have any resemblance to the shapes in the initial training set.     

Intercardinal面上最大副瓣电平的分析方法

对天线方向图计算中涉及的最大副瓣电平的分析方法进行了探讨，提出了用方向图搜索求解最大副瓣电平；同时给出了用该方法求得在同相矩形口径两种分布形式下Ｉｎｔｅｒｃａｒｄｉｎａｌ面上的最大副瓣电子平，并给出了Ｉｎｔｅｒｃａｒｄｉｎａｌ面的定义。     

基于Gabor小波与LBP直方图序列的人脸年龄估计

提出了一种基于Gabor小波和局域二值模式(Local binary pattern,LBP)直方图序列的人脸年龄估计方法。首先对人脸图像提取多方向与多尺度的Gabor幅值域图谱(Gabor magnitude maps,GMMs);然后采用基于局部特征的LBP算子对GMMs编码,并对之分块,由各子块的直方图序列来描述人脸;为进一步降低人脸特征维数,再对人脸直方图序列特征应用主成分分析(PCA);最后使用支持向量机回归(SVR)的LOPO策略对人脸年龄库进行训练和测试。实验结果表明,该方法可以较为快速有效地对人脸图像进行年龄估计。     

基于MVC模式的Web0A系统的设计与实现

为了方便企业的管理和提高协同办公效率,越来越多的企业采用了WebOA系统。针对传统设计模式开发的WebOA系统存在维护成本高、难以扩展等缺陷,文中提出一种基于MVC设计模式的系统开发方案。首先详细介绍了MVC模式的设计思想和ZendFramework的工作流程及原理,然后阐述了系统设计与实现的整个过程。该设计方案充分利用了MVC的结构和特点并已成功应用于某办公自动化系统的开发。实践表明,基于MVC模式开发的OA系统运行稳定,具有较好的灵活性和高效性,并且大大减少了系统的开发周期,达到了预期的效果。