用于先进PCB制造工艺的叠层封装

在20世纪90年代,球栅阵列封装(BGA)和芯片尺寸封装(CSP)在封装材料和加工工艺方面达到了极限。这2种技术如同20世纪80年代的表面安装器件(SMD)和70年代通孔安装器件(THD)一样,在电学、机械、热性能、尺寸、质量和可靠性方面达到最大值。目前,三维封装正在成为用于未来采用的先进印制板(PCB)制造工艺的下一个阶段。它们可以分为圆片级封装、芯片级封装、和封装面。叠层封装(PoP)是一种封装面叠层封装类型的三维封装技术[15]。     

Hybrid Nanoparticles and Composite Hydrogel Systems for Delivery of Peptide Antibiotics

The growing number of drug-resistant pathogenic bacteria poses a global threat to human health. For this reason, the search for ways to enhance the antibacterial activity of existing antibiotics is now an urgent medical task. The aim of this study was to develop novel delivery systems for polymyxins to improve their antimicrobial properties against various infections. For this, hybrid core–shell nanoparticles, consisting of silver core and a poly(glutamic acid) shell capable of polymyxin binding, were developed and carefully investigated. Characterization of the hybrid nanoparticles revealed a hydrodynamic diameter of approximately 100 nm and a negative electrokinetic potential. The nanoparticles demonstrated a lack of cytotoxicity, a low uptake by macrophages, and their own antimicrobial activity. Drug loading and loading efficacy were determined for both polymyxin B and E, and the maximal loaded value with an appropriate size of the delivery systems was 450 µg/mg of nanoparticles. Composite materials based on agarose hydrogel were prepared, containing both the loaded hybrid systems and free antibiotics. The features of polymyxin release from the hybrid nanoparticles and the composite materials were studied, and the mechanisms of release were analyzed using different theoretical models. The antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa was evaluated for both the polymyxin hybrid and the composite delivery systems. All tested samples inhibited bacterial growth. The minimal inhibitory concentrations of the polymyxin B hybrid delivery system demonstrated a synergistic effect when compared with either the antibiotic or the silver nanoparticles alone.     

NSAID-Based Coordination Compounds for Biomedical Applications: Recent Advances and Developments

After the serendipitous discovery of cisplatin, a platinum-based drug with chemotherapeutic effects, an incredible amount of research in the area of coordination chemistry has been produced. Other transition metal compounds were studied, and several new relevant metallodrugs have been synthetized in the past few years. This review is focused on coordination compounds with first-row transition metals, namely, copper, cobalt, nickel or manganese, or with zinc, which have potential or effective pharmacological properties. It is known that metal complexes, once bound to organic drugs, can enhance the drugs’ biological activities, such as anticancer, antimicrobial or anti-inflammatory ones. NSAIDs are a class of compounds with anti-inflammatory properties used to treat pain or fever. NSAIDs’ properties can be strongly improved when included in complexes using their compositional N and O donor atoms, which facilitate their coordination to metal ions. This review focuses on the research on this topic and on the promising or effective results that complexes of first-row transition metals and NSAIDs can exhibit.     

Identification and Functional Analysis of a Defensin CcDef2 from Coridius chinensis

Coridius chinensis belongs to Dinidoridae, Hemiptera. Previous studies have indicated that C. chinensis contains abundant polypeptides with antibacterial and anticancer activities. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), as endogenous peptides with immune function, play an indispensable role in the process of biological development and immunity. AMPs have become one of the most potential substitutes for antibiotics due to their small molecular weight and broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity. In this study, a defensin CcDef2 from C. chinensis was characterized based on bioinformatics and functional analyses. The mature peptide of CcDef2 is a typical cationic peptide composed of 43 amino acid residues with five cations, and contains three intramolecular disulfide bonds and a typical cysteine-stabilized αβ motif in defensins. Phylogenetic analysis showed that CcDef2 belongs to the insect defensin family. Analysis of gene expression patterns showed that CcDef2 was expressed throughout developmental stages of C. chinensis with high levels at the nymphal stage and in adult tissues tested with the highest level in the fat body. In addition, the CcDef2 expression was significantly upregulated in adults infected by bacteria. After expressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) and renatured, the recombinant CcDef2 showed a significant antibacterial effect on three kinds of Gram-positive bacteria. These results indicate that CcDef2 is an excellent antibacterial peptide and a highly effective immune effector in the innate immunity of C. chinensis. This study provides a foundation for further understanding the function of CcDef2 and developing new antimicrobial drugs.     

Functional Properties of Gelatin/Polyvinyl Alcohol Films Containing Black Cumin Cake Extract and Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Produced via Casting Technique

This study aimed to develop and characterize gelatin/polyvinyl alcohol (G/PVA) films loaded with black cumin cake extract (BCCE) and zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs). The BCCE was also applied for the green synthesis of ZnONPs with an average size of less than 100 nm. The active films were produced by a solvent-casting technique, and their physicochemical and antibacterial properties were investigated. Supplementation of G/PVA film in ZnONPs decreased the tensile strength (TS) from 2.97 MPa to 1.69 MPa. The addition of BCCE and ZnONPs increased the elongation at the break (EAB) of the enriched film by about 3%. The G/PVA/BCCE/ZnONPs film revealed the lowest water vapor permeability (WVP = 1.14 × 10⁻⁹ g·mm·Pa⁻¹·h⁻¹·mm⁻²) and the highest opacity (3.41 mm⁻¹). The QUick, Easy, New, CHEap and Reproducible (QUENCHER) methodologies using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6- sulfonic acid) (ABTS) and cupric ion reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC) were applied to measure antioxidant capacity (AC) of the prepared films. The incorporation of BCCE and ZnONPs into G/PVA films enhanced the AC by 8–144%. The films containing ZnONPs and a mixture of BCCE and ZnONPs inhibited the growth of three Gram-positive bacterial strains. These nanocomposite films with desired functional properties can be recommended to inhibit microbial spoilage and oxidative rancidity of packaged food.     

Exploitation of the Antibacterial Properties of Photoactivated Curcumin as ‘Green’ Tool for Food Preservation

In the search for non-chemical and green methods to counteract the bacterial contamination of foods, the use of natural substances with antimicrobial properties and light irradiation at proper light waves has been extensively investigated. In particular, the combination of both techniques, called photodynamic inactivation (PDI), is based on the fact that some natural substances act as photosensitizers, i.e., produce bioactive effects under irradiation. Notably, curcumin is a potent natural antibacterial and effective photosensitizer that is able to induce photodynamic activation in the visible light range (specifically for blue light). Some practical applications have been investigated with particular reference to food preservation from bacterial contaminants.     

电子自旋共振波谱法检测含骨类食品的初步研究

电子自旋共振(Electron spin resonance,ESR)波谱测定是检测含骨类食品自由基的有效方法之一.本工作研究了辐照诱导的含骨类食品的ESR波谱特征、样品制备方法及辐射剂量-效应关系.结果表明,辐照前后ESR波谱图形、g因子和△H皆有明显差异,据此很容易区分辐照与未辐照含骨类食品样品;冷冻干燥和磨碎是样品制备过程中的关键步骤;吸收剂量(0.3-10.1kGy)与ESR信号强度有良好的线性关系;ESR信号的相对强度还与动物种类有关.这为制定我国含骨类辐照食品的ESR检测方法标准提供了依据.     

9种近海鱼重金属污染状况及食用安全性评价

为探究近海鱼重金属污染状况及其食用健康风险,采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法、液相色谱-原子荧光光谱法和原子荧光光谱法对蓝圆鲹、蓝点马鲛等9种近海鱼的头、尾、皮、骨、鱼肉和内脏中铅（Pb）、镉（Cd）、铬（Cr）、总砷（As）、无机砷和总汞（Hg）的含量进行测定,并采用污染指数法和目标危害系数法等方法进行评价。结果表明：54组样品中有9组Cr含量超过国家标准（GB 2762—2017《食品中污染物限量》）,超标率16.67%;7组样品Cd含量超标,超标率12.96%;2组样品Pb含量超标,超标率3.70%;无机As、总Hg含量均未超标。分析近海鱼不同部位重金属含量,54组样品中有7组鱼内脏重金属含量超标,超标率12.96%;鱼头、鱼尾各有3组重金属含量超标,超标率5.56%;鱼肉中重金属含量均未超标。单因子污染评价结果显示,Cr污染最为严重,Cd次之,之后是Pb。无机As及总Hg相对污染指数最低。综合污染指数评价显示,沙丁鱼内脏最高,达到3.877,处于重度污染级别。蓝圆鲹、蓝点马鲛、鲭鱼和金线鱼的内脏的综合污染指数属于中度污染级别。所有鱼肉组织的单一和多种重金属复合风险系数均小于1。由此可...     

包装方式和宰后不同时间包装对羊肉品质的影响

为探究包装方式和宰后不同时间包装对羊肉贮藏品质的影响,本研究对宰后1 h热分割羊肉和冷却成熟24 h后的分割羊肉分别进行热收缩包装、真空包装、贴体包装、50%（体积分数,下同）O2+50%CO2气调包装,测定其在（2±2）℃贮藏过程中pH值、色泽、贮藏损失率、蒸煮损失率、离心损失率、剪切力、挥发性气味的变化。结果表明：与宰后24 h包装相比,宰后1 h包装羊肉pH值在贮藏14 d时更高,但其贮藏期间色泽较好,色泽稳定性更高,贮藏损失率更低。从整体来看,3种真空处理（热收缩包装、真空包装、贴体包装）羊肉嫩度均优于气调包装羊肉,且宰后1 h包装时真空条件处理对羊肉嫩化效果最好,宰后24 h羊肉在贮藏前期气调包装对羊肉嫩化效果较好;而无论何时包装,热收缩包装和气调包装羊肉贮藏损失率均显著小于其他处理组（P<0.05）,在贮藏前期色泽及稳定性较好,但贮藏后期色泽稳定性下降明显,气调包装羊肉在14 d时已部分发绿,贮藏21 d时挥发性气味变化显著。综上,宰后1 h包装有利于提高羊肉贮藏期间色泽及持水力,改善真空处理羊肉嫩度,宰后24 h包装可提高50%O2+50%CO2气调包装羊肉贮藏前期...     

从培养学生创新能力入手加强化学院食品微生物学实验教学改革

从实验教学方法、教学手段、教学内容,教材体系、教学管理,考试制度等方面着手,深入开展化学院食品微生物学实验教学改革,开展了有层次的实验教学,开设了综合性设计性实验、开放了实验室、开辟了学生课外科研活动,基本构建新型实验教学体系,为培养创新型、技术型人才打下坚实基础,并取得了良好的教学效果。