2017~2018年江苏省食品添加剂风险监测结果分析

目的研究江苏省食品添加剂的产品质量及存在的风险点。方法对江苏省范围内的食品添加剂进行风险监测,通过对江苏省2017-2018年食品添加剂抽样检查结果的汇总,分析近2年江苏省范围内食品添加剂的质量水平,总结食品添加剂的风险点并制定相应的监督防控措施。结果 2017～2018年江苏省共完成173批次食品添加剂的风险监测,抽检的食品添加剂样品涉及3类:单一食品添加剂、食品用香精及复配食品添加剂,其中溶剂残留检出9批次,塑化剂检出23批次,铝含量超过100 mg/kg检出6批次,检出未标识添加剂5批次。结论当前江苏省食品添加剂存在的风险点主要是溶剂残留、塑化剂残留、高铝成分检出及未如实标注添加剂成分等情况。食品添加剂生产企业及食品加工企业应加强对该类风险点的防控,同时监管部门需增强对食品添加剂的监管力度,制定对食品添加剂生产企业相关风险点的监管措施。     

非传统食品安全及其法律法规

本研究梳理了食品及食用农产品“从农田到餐桌”全链条的非传统食品安全问题监管相关的行政法规、刑法等法律法规, 指出了现行法律法规和监督执行工作中存在的问题和不足, 包括宣传普及与执行的力度不够、行政法规一些规定缺乏相应处罚措施、刑法未实现“从农田到餐桌”全程规制、监管执行科技支撑能力薄弱等。在此基础上, 提出了加大现有法律法规的宣贯和执行、完善违法违规行为的相应处罚措施, 开展刑法立法研究, 强化行刑衔接, 并加强监管执法的科技支撑能力建设等建议。     

An integrated look at the effect of structure on nutrient bioavailability in plant foods

The true bioavailability of a nutrient being intrinsically coupled to the specific food matrix in which it occurs remains poorly considered in nutrition science. During digestion, the food matrix and, in particular, the structure of food modulate the extent and kinetics to which nutrients and bioactive compounds make themselves available for absorption. In this perspective, we describe an integrated look at the effect of structure on nutrient bioavailability in plant foods. Based on this integrated look, cell wall integrity and the particle size of the plant material during its transit in the small intestine determine the bioavailability of plant nutrients; in turn, cell wall integrity and particle size are determined by the level of oral processing and, accordingly, what subsequently escapes digestion in the upper intestine and is utilized by colon microbiota. Ultimately, the effect on nutrient digestion is linked to food structure through each step of digestion. A consideration of the structure rather than just the composition of foods opens up possibilities for the design of healthier foods. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry     

Meta‐Analysis for Correlating Structure of Bioactive Peptides in Foods of Animal Origin with Regard to Effect and Stability

Amino acid (AA) sequences of 807 bioactive peptides from foods of animal origin were examined in order to correlate peptide structure with activity (antihypertensive, antioxidative, immunomodulatory, antimicrobial, hypolipidemic, antithrombotic, and opioid) and stability in vivo. Food sources, such as milk, meat, eggs, and marine products, show different frequencies of bioactive peptides exhibiting specific effects. There is a correlation of peptide structure and effect, depending on type and position of AA. Opioid peptides contain a high percentage of aromatic AA residues, while antimicrobial peptides show an excess of positively charged AAs. AA residue position is significant, with those in the first and penultimate positions having the biggest effects on peptide activity. Peptides that have activity in vivo contain a high percentage (67%) of proline residues, but the positions of proline in the sequence depend on the length of the peptide. We also discuss the influence of processing on activity of these peptides, as well as methods for predicting release from the source protein and activity of peptides.     

The inhibitory effect of plant essential oils on foodborne pathogenic bacteria in food

Abstract

In recent years, with the continuous improvement of people's living standard, the importance of healthy lifestyles is becoming more and more recognized. Therefore, food safety has attracted much attention. This has prompted people to study new technologies that can guarantee food safety without the use of preservatives. Compared with other types of food preservatives, essential oils (EOs) are gotten more attention, because they meet the current development trend of food additives about "green", "safety" and "health". Therefore, this paper focuses on the research of effective contribution of EOs to inhibit the growth of foodborne pathogens, systematically summarized the commonly used EOs and their main extraction methods and chemical components and, the antibacterial mechanism of EOs on food borne pathogens, systematically analysis the specific application case of EOs in food discussed. Hoping to provide some reference and help to the relevant researchers.     

脉冲电场技术在食品工业上的应用进展

当前食品工业加工方法主要依赖于传统的热处理与化学方法,这些方法往往会对食品质量和安全性产生负面影响,且存在高成本、环境不友好等弊端,开发高效、绿色的食品加工方法已成为食品业界亟待解决的难题。脉冲电场(Pulsed Electric Field,PEF)技术是一种利用高电压振幅的电磁脉冲对物料进行处理的物理方法,作为一种新兴的非热加工技术,PEF技术因其独特的优势吸引了广大学者对其进行广泛而深刻的讨论,以期将其应用于食品工业。该研究综述了脉冲电场技术的原理、应用机制,包括电穿孔理论、电流体、等离子体以及电化学反应与自由基激活假说,并对其在食品工业上的应用进行总结与归纳,为食品加工领域提供了有效的解决方法,有利于推动脉冲电场技术在食品加工领域的发展与应用。     

红外光谱技术在食品检测中的应用

红外光谱在食品检测研究中的应用较为广泛, 具有样品前处理简单、操作方便、易于推广, 且对气体、液体和固体样品均可准确检测等优点, 表现出良好的发展前景。本文概述红外光谱技术的检测基本原理和化学计量学在红外光谱技术中的应用, 在简要对比常用检测分析方法的优缺点基础上, 对红外光谱技术在食品鉴伪、品质研究、有害物检测和成分分析等领域的研究进展进行了综述, 详细介绍该技术与化学计量学结合评价食品品质的应用实例, 同时提出目前研究存在的局限性, 并陈述改进建议, 且对该技术在食品检测研究的未来发展方向作出展望, 以期为该技术的深入研究提供参考。     

Alicyclobacillus acidoterrestris in fruit juices and its control by nisin

Summary The acid-tolerant and heat-resistant bacterium Alicyclobacillus acidoterrestris is a spoilage problem in pasteurized and heat-treated fruit juices. In this study it was shown to grow in orange juice, grapefruit juice and apple juice to produce detectable taint at levels of about 10⁴–10⁵ c.f.u. ml⁻¹. Decimal reduction times were determined at 80 °, 90 ° and 95 °C in each juice and confirmed the heat-resistant nature of the spores under normal juice pasteurization conditions. They also confirmed that heat sensitivity increased with decreasing pH but that this effect was less pronounced at higher temperatures. The organism was, however, sensitive to the bacteriocin food preservative nisin. The presence of nisin during heating decreased the D value by up to 40% and the MIC for nisin against spores at 25 °C was only 5 International Units (IU) ml⁻¹. The results indicate that use of nisin is a potentially useful way of controlling this organism in fruit juices and fruit juice-containing products.     

环介导等温扩增技术检测食品中铜绿假单胞菌

建立食品中铜绿假单胞菌环介导等温扩增(LAMP)检测方法。利用铜绿假单胞菌外毒素A(PEA)基因序列,设计3对铜绿假单胞菌LAMP检测特异性引物,用36株铜绿假单胞菌,14株近源菌验证方法的特异性。建立的LAMP方法特异性好,灵敏度达到2.2 cfu/100 g~3.5 cfu/100 g。建立的食品中铜绿假单胞菌LAMP检测方法特异性好,灵敏度高,适用于的检测食品中的铜绿假单胞菌。     

银杏汁的加工工艺及品质测定

银杏的果仁含淀粉62.4%、粗蛋白11.3%、粗脂肪2.6%、蔗糖5.2%,还含有钙、钾、磷、硒等矿物质、微量元素和多种维生素等生物活性物质。天然银杏汁既有利于人体对银杏营养成分的吸收,又降解了银杏的有毒成分银杏酸、银杏酚等物质,具有安全性。银杏汁在制作工艺、风味及稳定性等方面存在问题。通过对天然银杏汁在生产中的均质压力、稳定剂的选择、风味的调配等进行了对比实验,得出最佳配比和工艺参数。银杏汁的配比为银杏每瓶6.00 g,含糖量为3.05 g/100 mL,含酸量为0.5 g/L,0.15%海藻酸钠,0.1%CMC-Na(羧甲基纤维素钠),均质压力为40 MPa,品质最好。