Tensile fracture and failure behavior of technical flax fibers

The apparent tensile strength of technical flax fibers was determined in single‐fiber tests at various clamping lengths (20, 40, and 80 mm) and the outcome was compared with literature data. It was demonstrated that the strength of flax at each clamping length obeyed the two‐parameter Weibull model. The failure mode and sequence were studied in situ (i.e., during loading) by SEM and acoustic emission (AE). The failure sequence (axial splitting of the technical fiber along its elementary constituents, radial cracking of the elementary fibers, multiple fracture of the elementary fibers) concluded reflected the hierarchical build‐up of the flax bast fibers. To the above failure events AE amplitude ranges were assigned. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 90: 3638–3645, 2003     

Bayesian and Dempster-Shafer fusion

The Kalman Filter is traditionally viewed as a prediction-correction filtering algorithm. In this work we show that it can be viewed as a Bayesian fusion algorithm and derive it using Bayesian arguments. We begin with an outline of Bayes theory, using it to discuss well-known quantities such as priors, likelihood and posteriors, and we provide the basic Bayesian fusion equation. We derive the Kalman Filter from this equation using a novel method to evaluate the Chapman-Kolmogorov prediction integral. We then use the theory to fuse data from multiple sensors. Vying with this approach is the Dempster-Shafer theory, which deals with measures of “belief”, and is based on the nonclassical idea of “mass” as opposed to probability. Although these two measures look very similar, there are some differences. We point them out through outlining the ideas of the Dempster-Shafer theory and presenting the basic Dempster-Shafer fusion equation. Finally we compare the two methods, and discuss the relative merits and demerits using an illustrative example.     

Schäden durch kerbinduzierte Schwingbrüche

Failures by notch induced fatigue fractures Notches produce local stress concentrations and promote the formation of fatigue cracks. Characteristic types of notches as a result of design, manufacturing and operation are presented and remedial measures are discussed. Examples demonstrate the effect of different kinds of notches on various components.     

一种可切削玻璃陶瓷的压痕断裂特性

将断裂韧性测试的压痕方法与压痕弯曲方法相结合，独立地分离出了压痕残余应力因子ｘ，使其成为可测参量，并建立了压痕一压痕弯曲的断裂韧性测试方法．将这种方法应用于一种可切削玻璃陶瓷的测试，获得的Ｋ１ｃ值为Ｋ１ｃ＝２．０３ＭＰａ·ｍ１／２，与单边切口法（ＳＥＮＢ）获得的Ｋ１ｃ值有较好的一致性．测得的残余应力因子Ｘ＝０．０９３，符合Ａｎｓｔｉｓ经验公式的预测．     

VCM压缩机曲轴断裂失效分析

介绍了锦化化工(集团)有限责任公司出现的VCM压缩机曲轴断裂事故，并从断口的部位、形貌特征，断轴的几何状态、受力状态及树料性能等方面分析了曲轴断裂的根本原因。     

Finite elements in the analysis of pressure vessels and piping-a bibliography (1976–1996)

The paper gives a bibliographical review of the finite element methods (FEMs) applied for the analysis of pressure vessel structures/components and piping from the theoretical as well as practical points of view. The range of applications of FEMs in this area is wide and cannot be presented in a single paper; therefore the aim of this review is to give the reader an encyclopaedic view of the differnt possibilities that exist today for the finite element analysis in the fields of pressure vessels and piping. The bibliography at the end of the paper contains approximately 1900 references to papers, conference proceedings and theses/dissertations on the subject that were published in 1976–1996. These are classified in the following categories: linear and non-linear, static and dynamic, stress and deflection analysis; stability problems; thermal problems; fracture mechanics problems; contact problems; fluid-structure interaction problems; manufacturing of pipes and tubes; welded pipes and pressure vessel components; development of special finite elements for pressure vessels and pipes; finite element software; and other topics. Also finite element software, general purpose and special purpose codes, used for the analysis of pressure vessels and pipes are briefly discussed and presented.     

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本文根据物质平衡原理,对于定容和水驱凝析气藏提出了预测采收率的方法,并提出了凝析气藏的总采收率与干气和凝析油采收率的关系式。     

涂层材料的断裂分析(英文)

和基体厚度相比,涂层很薄,因此细观力学模型可把基体作为半无限弹性体。由于涂层和基体材料的膨胀系数及弹性系数不匹配,涂层材料中残余热应力的解析解为 E_c/(1-γ_c)·(α_s-α_c)△T。用有限元法校核,该应力和解析解吻合得好。通过对涂层产生裂纹驱动力和断裂韧性的讨论,提出了抗裂涂层厚度公式。     

ANALYSIS ON ROOM TEMPERATURE TENSILE STRENGTH OF δ-Al_2O_3, FIBER / Al-12Si COMPOSITE

对δ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３纤维／Ａｌ－１２Ｓｉ复合材料室温拉伸强度的分析表明，在实验条件下该复合材料存在δ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３纤维的最小体积分数Ｖｍｉｎ和临界体积分数Ｖｃｒｉｔ，并求出其基体强度δｍ和室温强度σｃ－δ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３纤维体积分数Ｖｆ直线方程及纤维的临界长度ｌｃ和复合材料的剪切应力τＰ确定复合材料的ＲＯＭ预测曲线，应首先判断σｍ是否等于未增强合金的强度σｕｍ才能得出正确的结论。