压缩系统对温度突升响应的动态分析

基于时间滞后概念,建立了压缩系统动态响应分析的通用模型,并对温度突升条件下多级轴流压缩系统的动态响应及气动稳定性进行了详细的数值分析。对两个算例的分析,结果表明了本文新模型的可行性。     

响应面优化低糖滇红奶茶的配方

目的 通过响应面法优化低糖滇红奶茶的配方。方法 以滇红茶、全脂奶粉、零卡糖为主要原料,通过单因素分析结合响应面实验设计优化滇红奶茶配方,并分析产品的理化及卫生指标。结果 优化配方为：滇红茶汁50%、全脂奶粉15%、零卡糖10%、乳化剂0.22%、稳定剂0.2%,此时感官评分为87.83。滇红奶茶浅棕色稳定性好、质地均匀、浓稠恰当、细腻滑润无杂质,甜味适中茶香味与奶香香味协调无异味,经测定蛋白质含量(5.99±0.06)%、脂肪含量(3.38±0.02)%、茶多酚含量(320.6±2.25) mg/kg,微生物指标符合国家标准。结论 本研究开发了一种低糖健康的滇红奶茶,为滇红茶的深加工提供一定的实验依据。     

Environmental Stress and Plants

Land plants are constantly subjected to multiple unfavorable or even adverse environmental conditions. Among them, abiotic stresses (such as salt, drought, heat, cold, heavy metals, ozone, UV radiation, and nutrient deficiencies) have detrimental effects on plant growth and productivity and are increasingly important considering the direct or indirect effects of climate change. Plants respond in many ways to abiotic stresses, from gene expression to physiology, from plant architecture to primary, and secondary metabolism. These complex changes allow plants to tolerate and/or adapt to adverse conditions. The complexity of plant response can be further influenced by the duration and intensity of stress, the plant genotype, the combination of different stresses, the exposed tissue and cell type, and the developmental stage at which plants perceive the stress. It is therefore important to understand more about how plants perceive stress conditions and how they respond and adapt (both in natural and anthropogenic environments). These concepts were the basis of the Special Issue that International Journal of Molecular Sciences expressly addressed to the relationship between environmental stresses and plants and that resulted in the publication of 5 reviews and 38 original research articles. The large participation of several authors and the good number of contributions testifies to the considerable interest that the topic currently receives in the plant science community, especially in the light of the foreseeable climate changes. Here, we briefly summarize the contributions included in the Special Issue, both original articles categorized by stress type and reviews that discuss more comprehensive responses to various stresses.     

核桃花中绿原酸、新绿原酸和隐绿原酸的提取工艺响应面优化及其抗氧化活性研究

目的 探讨干燥核桃花中绿原酸、隐绿原酸和新绿原酸的最佳提取工艺及其抗氧化活性。方法 采用超声波辅助乙醇法提取核桃花中的绿原酸、新绿原酸和隐绿原酸, 以提取温度、乙醇体积分数、提取时间和料液比为自变量, 以得率的总评归一值(overall desirability, OD)为因变量, 应用响应面对提取工艺进行优化, 并通过体外实验评价了其抗氧化活性。结果 最佳提取工艺为：温度77℃, 乙醇体积分数67%, 提取时间28 min, 料液比1: 23(g/mL)。此时,绿原酸、新绿原酸和隐绿原酸的总提取率最佳, OD值可达0.91, 对DPPH自由基、ABTS自由基和羟自由基的半数抑制浓度(Half-maximal Inhibitory concentrations, IC50)值分别为41.63、41.68和34.43 μg/mL。结论 优选出的工艺稳定可行, 且提取液具有较好的体外抗氧化活性, 为核桃花中绿原酸类成分的进一步开发利用提供了理论基础。     

Multiplexed-Based Assessment of DNA Damage Response to Chemotherapies Using Cell Imaging Cytometry

The current methods for measuring the DNA damage response (DDR) are relatively labor-intensive and usually based on Western blotting, flow cytometry, and/or confocal immunofluorescence analyses. They require many cells and are often limited to the assessment of a single or few proteins. Here, we used the Celigo^® image cytometer to evaluate the cell response to DNA-damaging agents based on a panel of biomarkers associated with the main DDR signaling pathways. We investigated the cytostatic or/and the cytotoxic effects of these drugs using simultaneous propidium iodide and calcein-AM staining. We also describe new dedicated multiplexed protocols to investigate the qualitative (phosphorylation) or the quantitative changes of eleven DDR markers (H2AX, DNA-PKcs, ATR, ATM, CHK1, CHK2, 53BP1, NBS1, RAD51, P53, P21). The results of our study clearly show the advantage of using this methodology because the multiplexed-based evaluation of these markers can be performed in a single experiment using the standard 384-well plate format. The analyses of multiple DDR markers together with the cell cycle status provide valuable insights into the mechanism of action of investigational drugs that induce DNA damage in a time- and cost-effective manner due to the low amounts of antibodies and reagents required.     

轿车发动机电控喷射系统用新型传感器的开发

天津大学在国家“８６３”新材料领域的资助下,研制开发新型氧敏薄膜材料,研制出近百个Ａ／Ｆ传感器样件。该样件材料新颖,结构简单,响应速度快,成本低,具有独立知识产权。装在夏利车上,与国外生产进行了排放控制试验比较。试验结果表明,控制能力达到国外生产件水平;响应速度比后者快。     

淡竹叶多酚的提取纯化工艺优化、组分分析及体外抗氧化活性研究

目的 确定淡竹叶多酚提取纯化工艺,分析主要成分及体外抗氧化活性。方法 采用超声辅助提取淡竹叶多酚,通过响应面实验确定最佳提取条件。选取适合淡竹叶多酚纯化的大孔树脂,对纯化工艺参数进行优化。通过高效液相色谱-质谱法(high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, HPLC-MS)鉴定淡竹叶多酚的主要成分,并评价其体外抗氧化活性。结果 淡竹叶多酚的最佳提取工艺参数为:乙醇体积分数60%、超声功率500 W、料液比1:25 (g/mL)、超声时间24 min及超声温度59℃,该条件下淡竹叶多酚提取量为8.01 mg/g。淡竹叶多酚纯化工艺参数为:上样质量浓度6 mg/mL、pH 4、流速2 mL/min、解吸液为70%乙醇、解吸体积90 mL,纯化后的淡竹叶多酚纯度由12.86%提高到76.18%。通过HPLC-MS鉴定出16种酚类成分,且纯化后多酚有较高的抗氧化活性。结论 本研究得到了淡竹叶多酚提取纯化工艺,得到的多酚纯化物有明显的抗氧化活性。     

P波空间斜入射下沥青混凝土面板堆石坝响应特性及面板破坏评价

地震波入射方位和斜入射角度对于沥青混凝土面板堆石坝地震响应结果有着显著影响。本文从地震动传播机制出发,基于波场叠加原理,推导了P波以任意入射方位角和斜入射角空间斜入射下弹性半空间自由场计算公式,建立了P波空间斜入射波动输入模型。以不同应变率下的沥青混凝土单轴动态拉伸试验结果为基础,提出了考虑抗拉强度随应变率实时变化的沥青混凝土面板破坏评价方法。考虑16种不同入射方位角和斜入射角下的P波空间斜入射工况,从面板应力和加速度两方面分析了入射方位角和斜入射角对某实际沥青混凝土面板地震响应特性的影响,并进行了沥青混凝土面板的抗拉破坏评价,分析了静态评价方法与动态评价方法的差异。结果表明,所建立的P波空间斜入射波动输入模型能够准确模拟半空间自由场,波动输入数值解与解析解符合良好;与垂直输入射相比,面板顺水流向、垂直水流向加速度峰值最大分别增加135.9%和92.7%,竖向加速度峰值最大减少68.3%;空间斜输入导致面板动应力增大,主拉应力和主压应力最大分别增加3.6倍和2.7倍,忽略入射方位角和斜入射角可能会严重低估面板的地震响应。传统将静态强度提高30%作为动态强度的面板抗拉破坏判别方法过于严格,本文提出的考虑应变率效应的沥青混凝土面板破坏评价方法较为符合实际。     

计及负荷转移需求响应的低碳数据中心光储容量优化配置

为了解决高耗能数据中心低碳化转型问题,提出一种计及负荷转移需求响应的低碳数据中心光储容量配置方法。根据延时特性将数据中心负载分为交互性负载与延时性负载,通过比特-瓦特变换与数据中心电能使用效率得出负载与数据中心能耗之间的关系,以总净现值成本最低为目标函数,考虑清洁能源高渗透率水平、数据流需求响应管控约束,获得数据中心的光储容量配置结果。算例验证了所提方法的有效性。