多波段兼容伪装方法的分析研究

多波段兼容伪装是未来伪装技术发展的方向,但每增加一个伪装波段,都对兼容伪装的实现带来了很大难度。介绍单波段伪装的作用机理及相关要求,并分析多波段伪装的几种常用方法。设计了两种新型的光子晶体薄膜伪装结构。     

Effect of Substrate Surface Roughness on Properties of Ni-Cr Alloy Thin Film

The effect of surface roughness of aluminum oxide (95%) substrate on the properties of Ni-Cr alloy thin film is studied.The thin films are prepared on the substrates with different roughness by using magnetron sputtering.The micro-structure,adhesive and electrical properties of the thin films were investigated by using scanning electron microscopy,scratch method and four-probe method.The burst voltage and current of the thin film transducers with different substrates were measured according to D-optimization method.The results show that the particle size,structural defect,resistivity and adhesion strength of the thin film increase with the increase of the substrate roughness.The difference among the burst time of the samples with difference substrate roughness gradually decreases with the increase of stimulation amount.The burst time is approximate to 20 μs in the charging voltage of 37 V.     

Hydrothermal fabrication of p-Cu2O−n-ZnO films and their properties for photodegradation and ultraviolet sensors

This article reports spin coating and hydrothermal approaches to the synthesis of Cu₂O seed layer−ZnO and Cu₂O film−ZnO heterojunction films on fluorine-doped tin oxide substrates. Cu₂O seed layers and an ethylene glycol (EG) reducing agent were employed to obtain pure, uniform, and adhesive Cu₂O films on the substrate. Transmission electron microscopy validated the heterojunctions with clear interfaces between each component on the p-Cu₂O film−n-ZnO (with EG) sample, the conductive types of which were determined through Mott−Schottky measurements. Constructed energy band diagrams supported the Mott−Schottky result, manifesting favorable conduction band positions for the generation of •O₂⁻ radicals for all constituent materials and indicating smooth charge carrier transport for the p-Cu₂O film−n-ZnO (with EG) sample. Furthermore, abundant p−n junction interfaces synergistically enabled the sample to exhibit the most satisfactory photodegradation capability (rate constant ≈ 8.9 × 10⁻³ min⁻¹), which was attributable to the predominance of •OH radicals. The sample's rectifying (diode) behavior with a ratio of the current density (J) at +3 V (forward bias) to that at −3 V (reverse bias) of approximately 27 was observed without ultraviolet illumination. Moreover, the J at −3 V is under illumination approximately 80 times that without illumination, implying the suitability of the sample for UV detectability.     

环氧丙烯酸酯微球消光母液的制备及光扩散性能的研究

以环氧丙烯酸酯（ G500-P）、三乙烯四胺（ TETA）和烯丙基二甘醇二碳酸酯（ CR-39）为反应体系,通过反应诱导相分离法制备了微米级环氧丙烯酸酯微球（ EAMs）消光母液。改变反应体系中 G500-P的用量,可在较大范围内控制 EAMs的粒径。通过 UV固化的方法将复配的消光母液与透明 UV固化涂料制成光扩散膜,探究了 CR-39与 G500-P不同质量比时制得的消光母液以及母液添加量对光扩散膜光学性能的影响,并对光扩散膜的实际消光效果进行了分析。结果表明：当选用 CR-39与 G500-P质量比为 7∶3制得的消光母液,添加量为 10%时,光扩散膜的透过率达到 84. 2%,同时雾度高达 85. 4%,光扩散膜兼具高透过率与高雾度。与传统直接共混微球的方式相比,添加消光母液能有效解决微球在共混过程中团聚的问题。     

溴化丁基橡胶乳化工艺技术研究

采用乳化工艺制备了溴化丁基橡胶（BIIR）胶乳,研究了乳化剂种类、BIIR正己烷溶液浓度、乳化时间、乳化转速、胶乳体系pH值及蒸馏方式对BIIR胶乳的影响。结果表明,乳化BIIR的最佳条件为:BIIR正己烷溶液中BIIR质量分数为15.00%,体系pH值调节至11～12,高速剪切乳化时间为30 min,高剪转速为5 500～6 000 r/min,采用负压（压力为-0.04 MPa）旋转蒸馏,所得BIIR胶乳的蒸馏破乳率较低,且总固物质量分数可以达到45.00%以上;使用质量分数为20%的氯化钙溶液破乳成膜效果最佳。     

Transparent and anti-fogging AlPO4-5 films constructed by oblique oriented nano-flake crystals

In the present work, transparent and anti-fogging AlPO₄-5 films were prepared on glass substrates using a novel developed process. The process entails a simple in-situ sol–gel followed by vapor phase transport. The in-situ sol–gel process was implemented by coating the precursor sols for the synthesis of AlPO₄-5 on the glass substrates successively using the spin-coating method. The films and powders scribed from the films were characterized by X-Ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscope (SEM), atomic force microscope (AFM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and transmission electron microscope (TEM). The unique films were composed of oblique oriented nano-flake AlPO₄-5 crystals with the thickness of about 20 nm. The formation of nano-flake crystals can be ascribed to the high concentration of the precursors, resulting in the formation of a supersaturation system. The obtained films showed high antifogging performance due to the superhydrophilicity with a water contact angle of lower than 1.0°. The silicone oil contact angle was also low about 8.2°. In addition, heteroatom-substituted AlPO₄-5 films showing different colors can be obtained easily by simply adding transition metal ions in the phosphate acid solution during the preparation that can extend the application of the method for different coating demand.     

木质纤维素复合生物质薄膜材料的功能化应用研究进展

为了解决传统石油基高分子薄膜不可降解等问题,纤维素、淀粉、壳聚糖等生物质薄膜材料因其具有绿色可降解性等优点而备受关注并展现出良好的发展前景。但生物质薄膜往往存在强度低、耐水性差等问题,限制了其进一步发展及功能化应用。本文综述了以木质纤维素作为添加剂增强生物质薄膜的力学强度、防水性、紫外屏蔽等性能的研究进展,重点探讨了不同结构性质的木质素和不同尺度的微纳米木质纤维素对生物质薄膜性能的影响,并进一步综述了木质纤维素复合生物质薄膜材料在包装材料、电极材料以及催化材料领域中的功能化应用研究进展。分析并展望了木质纤维素复合生物质薄膜在制备及功能化方面的优势、不足以及发展方向,以期为采用木质纤维素改良生物质薄膜的研究提供借鉴。     

UHPC浆体的工作性和流变性与颗粒膜层厚度的关系

建立超高性能混凝土(UHPC)浆体的工作性和流变性之间的关系可从理论上研究其工作性变化规律。本文以颗粒膜层厚度为UHPC浆体的工作性的综合衡量指标,设计了正交试验,研究水胶比、超细粉煤灰替代率和硅灰掺量对UHPC浆体的工作性与流变性的影响。根据流动度和流变性测试结果,分析了水胶比和超细粉煤灰替代率的共同作用对UHPC浆体的工作性与流变性的影响,探究了UHPC的净浆与砂浆的工作性关系,基于浆膜层厚度给出了UHPC砂浆的工作性与流变性的关系式。研究结果表明:水胶比是UHPC浆体的工作性与流变性的最主要影响因素,水胶比、超细粉煤灰替代率和硅灰掺量提高均造成UHPC浆体的颗粒表面膜层厚度增大;水胶比和超细粉煤灰替代率的共同作用下,UHPC浆体的流动度和黏度系数具有相关性。     

固体氧化物电池氧离子电解质研究进展

固体氧化物电池(SOCs)作为一种绿色、高效的全固态能量转换装置,既能在燃料电池模式下将氢、碳、烃、醇等燃料的化学能转化为电能,又能在电解池模式下分解水制氢,在缓解全球能源危机、实现碳中和等方面具有重要意义。然而,SOCs常用的Y₂O₃稳定的ZrO₂(YSZ)电解质材料在1 000 ℃以上才具有较高的离子电导率,但过高的工作温度会提高运行成本,限制材料选择,并降低系统稳定性。因此,降低工作温度一直是SOCs发展的核心问题之一,开发高电导率电解质材料和降低电解质膜厚度是实现SOCs中低温化应用的主要路径。本文从材料开发和薄膜制造两方面对中低温SOCs各类氧离子电解质的研究进展进行梳理,针对ZrO₂、CeO₂、Bi₂O₃及LaGaO₃基固体电解质,系统阐述了异价离子掺杂对提升氧离子电导率和稳定相结构的作用机制,介绍了电解质薄膜的制备技术和导电性能,为发展高性能固体氧化物电池电解质材料提供参考依据。     

镁合金表面锌系磷化膜及硅酸盐封闭工艺与性能

为提高镁合金的耐蚀性能,在镁合金表面制备锌系磷化膜,并对磷化膜进行封闭。比较了未封闭磷化膜、浸油封闭磷化膜、铬酸盐封闭磷化膜和硅酸盐封闭磷化膜的表面形貌、元素组成、厚度和耐蚀性能,结果表明:浸油封闭、铬酸盐封闭和硅酸盐封闭对镁合金表面磷化膜的厚度基本没有影响,但封闭前后磷化膜的表面形貌和元素组成有所不同。Cr、Na和Si元素分别通过形成化学转化膜、胶体状膜或物理填充孔隙被引入封闭后磷化膜中。硅酸盐封闭磷化膜的致密性相对较好,使镁合金的耐蚀性能得到有效提高。在铬酸盐封闭逐渐被弃用的趋势下,效果较好并且低污染环保的硅酸盐封闭在磷化膜封闭中具有应用潜力。