Increasing testing productivity and software quality: A comparison of software testing methodologies within NASA

Pressure to compress the development life cycle and reduce the duration and resources committed to testing lead to experimentation in testing at the NASA Goddard Space Flight Centerís Software Engineering Laboratory. This study investigates the trend to reduce developer testing and increasingly rely upon inspection techniques and independent functional testing to shorten the development life cycle, improve testing productivity, and improve software quality.An approach is developed to conduct this comparison. In particular, the problem faced by software researchers, having a comprehensive characterization of software projects so similar types may be identified for comparative studies, is addressed using expert opinion.     

Robust pole assignment for incomplete nonlinear decoupling applied to robots

A robustness analysis and synthesis for incomplete nonlinear decoupling for a class of nonlinear systems is discussed. Rigid and elastic-joint robot models belong to this class. For the elastic case, a transformation facilitates the robustness analysis under a weak assumption. Charts with H ₁- and H - norms of closed-loop disturbance transfer functions of the nonlinear-decoupled system are presented for a robust pole assignment.     

基于图像处理的片式元件缺陷检测算法

表面缺陷检测是电子元器件生产过程中的关键步骤,通过分析表面缺陷检测的现状问题,结合片式元件图像的自身特征,提出一种基于改进的自适应阈值canny算子的片式元件缺陷检测算法;该算法把片式元件灰度图像进行区域分割,得到不同值域范围内的灰度区域,利用带有敏感度的自适应双阈值canny算子进行边缘检测;算法实现结果表明,该算法能高效地检测并处理不同缺陷类型的片式元件,并且可以达到工业生产的检测速度。     

Discretized LKF method for stability of coupled differential‐difference equations with multiple discrete and distributed delays

Time‐delay systems described by coupled differential‐functional equations include as special cases many types of time‐delay systems and coupled differential‐difference systems with time delays. This article discusses the discretized Lyapunov–Krasovskii functional (LKF) method for the stability problem of coupled differential‐difference equations with multiple discrete and distributed delays. Through independently dividing every delay region that the plane regions consists in two delays to discretize LKF, the exponential stability conditions for coupled systems with multiple discrete and distributed delays are established based on a linear matrix inequality (LMI). The numerical examples show that the analysis limit of delay bound in which the systems are stable may be approached by our result. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Globally asymptotic stabilization for nonlinear time-delay systems with ISS inverse dynamics

The output feedback stabilization is considered for a class of nonlinear time-delay systems with inverse dynamics in this paper.An appropriate state observer is constructed for the unmeasurable system states in order to realize the control objective.By adopting the backstepping and Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional methods,a systematic design procedure for a memoryless output feedback control law is presented.It is shown that the designed controller can make the closed-loop system globally asymptotically stable while keeping all signals bounded.An illustrative example is discussed to show the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy.     

Augmented Lyapunov functional approach for stability of neutral systems with mixed delays

This paper is concerned with the neutral‐delay‐dependent and discrete‐delay‐dependent stability for uncertain neutral systems with mixed delays and norm‐bounded uncertainties. Through constructing a new augmented Lyapunov‐Krasovskii functional and proving its positive definiteness, introducing some slack matrices and using integral inequality, the improved delay‐dependent stability criteria are derived in terms of linear matrix inequalities. Numerical examples are given to illustrate the significant improvement on the conservatism of the delay bound over some existing results. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley and Sons Asia Pte Ltd and Chinese Automatic Control Society     

Automatic optical inspection of plated through-holes for ultrahigh density printed wiring boards

An automatic optical through-hole inspection system for ultrahigh density printed wiring boards (PWBs) using leakage light detection has been developed. To detect the dim leakage light emitted from the through-hole defect, we enhanced the sensitivity of the light detector 150 times using a microchannel plate tube. However, the tube caused two problems: stray light sensing and image distortion. To solve these problems, we optically isolated the sensing optics and developed a distortion correction method. We have developed a prototype system that can detect a defect as small as 100 m.     

Modal logic as metalogic

The goal of this paper is to show how modal logic may be conceived as recording the derived rules of a logical system in the system itself. This conception of modal logic was propounded by Dana Scott in the early seventies. Here, similar ideas are pursued in a context less classical than Scott's.First a family of propositional logical systems is considered, which is obtained by gradually adding structural rules to a variant of the nonassociative Lambek calculus. In this family one finds systems that correspond to the associative Lambek calculus, linear logic, relevant logics, BCK logic and intuitionistic logic. Above these basic systems, sequent systems parallel to the basic systems are constructed, which formalize various notions of derived rules for the basic systems. The deduction theorem is provable for the basic systems if, and only if, they are at least as strong as systems corresponding to linear logic, or BCK logic, depending on the language, and their deductive metalogic is not stronger than they are.However, though we do not always have the deduction theorem, we may always obtain a modal analogue of the deduction theorem for conservative modal extensions of the basic systems. Modal postulates which are necessary and sufficient for that are postulates of S4 plus modal postulates which mimic structural rules. For example, the modal postulates which Girard has recently considered in linear logic are necessary and sufficient for the modal analogue of the deduction theorem.All this may lead towards results about functional completeness in categories. When functional completeness, which is analogous to the deduction theorem, fails, we may perhaps envisage a modal analogue of functional completeness in a modal category, of which our original category is a full subcategory.     

铝阳极氧化膜颜色的检验和观察法

介绍铝及铝合金阳极氧化膜颜色的概念和描写,对颜色的儿种测量方法进行了比较,重点分析观察法及其在各国标准中的异同。在此基础上,提出了GB8013中的对颜色进行观察的条件和理论根据。     

解析参数对活性焦再生过程及再生效果的影响

 活性焦的热解析参数对再生活性焦的脱硫脱硝性能和机械强度至关重要。为了明确解析参数对活性焦再生过程和再生效果的影响规律,通过热解析试验探究活性焦硫残余比例、CO₂和CO生成量及再生活性焦脱硫脱硝性能随解析温度和解析时间的变化规律,继而明确适宜的活性焦热解析参数。结果表明,活性焦升温解析过程中,脱硫产物在317 ℃左右迅速分解,随后分解速率下降;在进入恒温解析阶段后脱硫产物分解速率先快速下降,而后进入缓慢解析状态。硫残余比例随恒温解析温度的升高而下降,在530 ℃下解析3 h可使脱硫产物完全解析;解析温度高于430 ℃后,活性焦表面的酚基、醌基、内酯基等含氧官能团分解量明显增加,并随恒温解析温度的升高而持续增加,分解所生成的CO和CO₂也随之大幅增加,这将使活性焦的孔隙结构进一步发展,继而不利于活性焦机械强度的保持;解析温度低于530 ℃时,硫残余比例随解析温度的升高而持续降低,使再生活性焦的脱硫脱硝性能持续提高;解析温度高于530 ℃后,含氧官能团分解量随解析温度的升高而持续增加,这将有利于提高活性焦表面SO₂氧化反应速率,继而使再生活性焦的脱硫性能持续升高,但酚基、内酯基等酸性含氧官能团的分解使再生活性焦对NH₃的吸附性能降低,进而使其脱硝性能降低。在兼顾再生活性焦脱硫脱硝性能、机械强度和生产效率等多方面因素时,430 ℃恒温解析3 h是相对较优的解析参数。在此解析条件下,再生活性焦的硫残余比例仅为1.8%,含氧官能团尚未发生大量分解,脱硫脱硝性能相对较为优良。