Synthesis and characterization of functionalized carbon nanotubes with different wetting behaviors and their influence on the wetting properties of carbon nanotubes/polymethylmethacrylate coatings

The synthesis and characterization of hydrophobic functionalized multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were investigated and their influence on the wetting properties of organic coatings and composites was studied. Functionalization was performed using oxidation, 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition, and silanization. Silanization was conducted using three hydrophobic silane precursors: 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorodecyltrimethoxysilane, 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorooctyltrimethoxysilane, and triethoxyoctylsilane. Functionalization was directly confirmed and characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermal gravimetric analysis, and scanning electron microscopy. The water contact angle of the functionalized MWCNTs was 40–142° for different surface functionalities and the functionalized MWCNTs were incorporated into an acidic solution of polymethylmethacrylate. The effect of surface functionality and the concentration of the functionalized MWCNTs on the wetting properties of these composites were studied by measuring the water contact angle. Under optimum conditions, composite surfaces with water contact angles greater than 110° were obtained. Atomic force microscopy was used to determine the topography of the surface and energy dispersion spectroscopy was used to determine the distribution of the functionalized MWCNTs in the composite film. It was shown that the hydrophobic functionalized MWCNTs migrated to the surface; this was more pronounced for the more hydrophobic MWCNTs.     

碱性基团在介孔分子筛上的表面功能化反应

采用3种硅偶联剂——γ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷(AM)、γ-乙二胺丙基三甲氧基硅烷(ED)和γ-哌嗪丙基三乙氧基硅烷(PZ)分别与分子筛表面的硅羟基反应,对六方和类六方纯硅介孔分子筛SBA-3和HMS进行了表面功能化。系统地考察了功能化条件,如偶联剂用量、样品含水量、功能化反应温度、功能基团的大小等对功能分子的负载量及其表面联接程度的影响。结果表明,硅偶联剂用量的增加、反应温度的升高以及母体样品含水量的加大都有利于功能分子的表面锚接。反应条件相同时,SBA-3和DDA-HMS上不同功能分子负载量的顺序为:ED>AM>PZ;而ODA-HMS上AM的负载量却与ED的负载量相近。     

胺基功能化HMS介孔分子筛的表征及其对重金属离子的吸附性能

 以接枝法合成了胺基功能化HMS介孔分子筛,采用元素分析、酸碱滴定、银量滴定、X-射线衍射分析、N2吸附-脱附、红外光谱和热重分析手段进行了表征,并进行了重金属离子吸附性能实验。结果表明,HMS表面成功地接枝上了胺基。胺基功能化后HMS对重金属离子吸附能力增强,并且随着样品表面胺基含量增加而增强。连续使用3次后,以HMS-NH2-6样品为例,对Cu2+和Cd2+的重金属离子吸附率仍保持在81.32%和88.54%,表明该样品具有较好的重复使用性能。     

毫米波系统级封装中的基板功能化实现

阐述了毫米波系统级封装（SOP）架构中基板功能化的概念、作用及实现方法。提出了利用低温共烧陶瓷（LTCC）技术,在SOP多层陶瓷基板中一体化集成多种无源电路单元,使封装基板在作为表面贴装有源芯片载体的同时,自身具备相应的无源射频功能。最终通过设计实例的仿真、加工及测试对比,验证了在SOP架构下实现封装基板功能化的可行性,及其所具有的良好的射频滤波、层间信号互联、射频接口过渡等电气性能。     

Copper‐Free Clickable Coatings

The copper‐catalyzed azide–alkyne 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition (CuAAC) is extensively used for the functionalization of well‐defined polymeric materials. However, the necessity for copper, which is inherently toxic, limits the potential applications of these materials in the area of biology and biomedicine. Therefore, the first entirely copper‐free procedure for the synthesis of clickable coatings for the immobilization of functional molecules is reported. In the first step, azide‐functional coatings are prepared by thermal crosslinking of side‐chain azide‐functional polymers and dialkyne linkers. In a second step, three copper‐free click reactions (i.e., the Staudinger ligation, the dibenzocyclooctyne‐based strain‐promoted azide–alkyne [3+2] cycloaddition, and the methyl‐oxanorbornadiene‐based tandem cycloaddition?retro‐Diels?Alder (crDA) reaction) are used to functionalize the azide‐containing surfaces with fluorescent probes, allowing qualitative comparison with the traditional CuAAC.     

Single‐Step Deposition of Au‐ and Pt‐Nanoparticle‐Functionalized Tungsten Oxide Nanoneedles Synthesized Via Aerosol‐Assisted CVD,and Used for Fabrication of Selective Gas Microsensor Arrays

Tungsten oxide nanostructures functionalized with gold or platinum NPs are synthesized and integrated, using a single‐step method via aerosol‐assisted chemical vapour deposition, onto micro‐electromechanical system (MEMS)‐based gas‐sensor platforms. This co‐deposition method is demonstrated to be an effective route to incorporate metal nanoparticles (NP) or combinations of metal NPs into nanostructured materials, resulting in an attractive way of tuning functionality in metal oxides (MOX). The results show variations in electronic and sensing properties of tungsten oxide according to the metal NPs introduced, which are used to discriminate effectively analytes (C₂H₅OH, H₂, and CO) that are present in proton‐exchange fuel cells. Improved sensing characteristics, in particular to H₂, are observed at 250 °C with Pt‐functionalized tungsten oxide films, whereas non‐functionalized tungsten oxide films show responses to low concentrations of CO at low temperatures. Differences in the sensing characteristics of these films are attributed to the different reactivities of metal NPs (Au and Pt), and to the degree of electronic interaction at the MOX/metal NP interface. The method presented in this work has advantages over other methods of integrating nanomaterials and devices, of having fewer processing steps, relatively low processing temperature, and no requirement for substrate pre‐treatment.     

A Complete Separation of Hexane Isomers by a Functionalized Flexible Metal Organic Framework

The separation ability of branched alkane isomers (nHEX, 3MP, 22DMB) of the flexible and functionalized microporous iron(III) dicarboxylate MIL‐53(Fe)‐(CF₃)₂ solid is evaluated through a combination of breakthrough experiments (binary or ternary mixtures), adsorption isotherms, X‐ray diffraction temperature analysis, quasi‐elastic neutron scattering measurements and molecular dynamics simulations. A kinetically controlled molecular sieve separation between the di‐branched isomer of hexane 22DMB from a mixture of paraffins is achieved. The reported total separation between mono‐ and di‐branched alkanes which was neither predicted nor observed so far in any class of porous solids is spectacular and paves the way towards a potential unprecedented upgrading of the RON of gasoline.     

Advances in Bioapplications of Carbon Nanotubes

This progress report provides an overview on recent advances in bioapplications of carbon nanotubes including the chemical modification of carbon nanotubes, targeting specifically their covalent and noncovalent conjugations with a variety of biological and bioactive species (proteins and peptides, DNAs/RNAs, and carbohydrates). Furthermore, the significant recent development and progress in the use of carbon nanotubes for biosensors, drug and other delivery systems, bioimaging, etc. and in the understanding of in vivo biodistribution and toxicity of carbon nanotubes are reported.     

Influence of the Hydrophobic–Hydrophilic Nature of Biomedical Polymers and Nanocomposites on In Vitro Biological Development

In this work, cell viability, proliferation, and morphology are studied on two pairs of polymers used in the biomedical field that have similar chemical natures but differ in hydrophobicity. On the one hand, hydrophobic polyester poly(ε‐caprolactone), is modified by blending with poly(lactic acid). On the other hand, the hydrophilic acrylate poly(2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (PHEMA), is copolymerized with ethyl methacrylate (EMA) at a ratio of 50/50 wt.% P(HEMA‐co‐EMA). These two polymers are used as neat resins or combined with hydroxyapatite (HA) nanoparticles and halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) to enhance cell attachment and mechanical properties. Cell proliferation is greater on moderately hydrophobic materials at the initial stage, with cells showing a round shape and aggregating in clusters. However, over longer culture periods, cell proliferation is more advanced on more hydrophilic surfaces, where cells spread out with a flatter shape. Improvement of cell viability is observed with the addition of HA and HNTs.