功能化磁性Fe_3O_4纳米材料去除水污染物研究进展

磁性纳米材料具有较强的化学稳定性、较高的生物相容性和良好的吸附性能,在外加磁场的作用下可迅速分离,同时还能通过表面修饰或改性等方法使其功能化,因此在去除水环境污染物方面有着广泛的应用前景。通过总结近年来的相关研究资料,综述了不同方法修饰的Fe_3O_4功能化磁性纳米材料在去除水污染物方面的研究进展,指出了当前研究中的主要发展方向和有待解决的问题。     

Inner surface modification of halloysite nanotubes and its influence on morphology and thermal properties of polystyrene/polyamide‐11 blends

The asymmetry of halloysite surface chemistry was used to perform a selective modification of its inner surface via grafting of a synthesized styrene/(methacryloyloxy)methyl phosphonic acid copolymer. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and pyrolysis gas chromatography/mass spectrometry were used to evidence and quantify the grafting. Then, raw and hybrid nanoparticles were incorporated in polystyrene (PS)/polyamide‐11 (PA11) blends (80/20 and 60/40 wt%). Scanning electron micrographs showed differences in localization of the halloysite nanotubes (HNTs), since raw halloysite is concentrated in the PA11 phase while modified halloysite is also located at the PS/PA11 interface, leading to a better interfacial adhesion between PS and PA11. An inhibiting effect of modified halloysite on PA11 coalescence was evidenced by measuring the particle size distribution of the extracted nodules. Moreover, the presence of modified halloysite at the interface shows an improvement in terms of thermal stability as observed by TGA, but with no significant effects on PA11 crystallization behaviour as shown by differential scanning calorimetry results. Rheological measurements were carried out to study the influence of the surface modification of halloysite on the blend morphology. A gel‐like behaviour was observed for the (60/40 wt%) HNTs reinforced composition that was enhanced in the case of 10% functionalized halloysite. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry     

碱性基团在介孔分子筛上的表面功能化反应

采用3种硅偶联剂——γ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷(AM)、γ-乙二胺丙基三甲氧基硅烷(ED)和γ-哌嗪丙基三乙氧基硅烷(PZ)分别与分子筛表面的硅羟基反应,对六方和类六方纯硅介孔分子筛SBA-3和HMS进行了表面功能化。系统地考察了功能化条件,如偶联剂用量、样品含水量、功能化反应温度、功能基团的大小等对功能分子的负载量及其表面联接程度的影响。结果表明,硅偶联剂用量的增加、反应温度的升高以及母体样品含水量的加大都有利于功能分子的表面锚接。反应条件相同时,SBA-3和DDA-HMS上不同功能分子负载量的顺序为:ED>AM>PZ;而ODA-HMS上AM的负载量却与ED的负载量相近。     

Aqueous solution of Oxone as new oxidizing agent for multi-walled carbon nanotube functionalization

In this work, multi-wall carbon nanotube (MWCNT) was successfully modified using aqueous solution of Oxone as a new oxidant. The effect of oxidation temperature on various characteristics of the treated MWCNTs was also investigated. FTIR and titration analysis proved the formation of carboxyl, carbonyl and epoxide groups at the surface of MWCNTs. The concentration of the functional groups increased as the modification temperature increased. The presence of such oxygen containing groups at the surface of MWCNTs justified the long time stability of the treated MWCNTs suspensions in water and methanol. The modified MWCNTs showed higher entanglement compared to row MWCNT due to the cross-links adjacent effect of pendant functional groups. Finally, it was concluded that Oxone oxidation process destroys the structure of the MWCNTs, but not severe enough to unzip the MWCNTs.     

A Critical Review on Functionalization of Air‐Cathodes for Nonaqueous Li–O2 Batteries

This review reports on the most updated technological aspects of Li–air battery cathode materials. It provides the reader with recent developments, alongside critical views. The requirements for air‐cathodes, as well as the classification and characterization of carbon‐based and carbon‐free air cathodes, are listed. The effects of two major substituent groups of materials, namely carbon and advanced materials (metals, metal‐oxides, metal‐carbides, and metal‐nitrides) aimed at replacing carbon, are discussed in terms of their chemical and electrochemical stability. The report covers aspects of surface chemistry and structure influence on the electrolyte and discharge products stability. The review also reports on the efforts to suppress side reactions and deterioration of the polymeric binders (if a composite electrode is being considered). This is recognized as a means to enhance Li–air battery performance. The report concludes with an outlook and perspective, providing the readers with some insight on other factors and their impact on the long road toward a viable air‐cathode suitable for Li–air battery operations.     

Anionic synthesis and characterization of ω-formyl-functionalized polystyrenes

ω-Formyl-functionalized polystyrenes can be synthesized in quantitative yield by reacting poly(styryl)lithium (M _n = 2 × 10³?8 × 10³ g/mol) in benzene with a 0.1?0.4 molar excess of 4-morpholinecarboxaldehyde followed by methanol termination and precipitation into methanol. Narrow molecular weight distribution ω-formyl-functionalized polystyrenes were characterized by hydroxylamine end-group titration, thin layer chromatography and both ¹H and ¹³C NMR spectroscopy. The mechanism of the functionalization was studied by trapping the tetrahedral α-amino alkoxide intermediate with diphenylphosphinic chloride.