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61.
Costs in precision cylindrical grinding are compared for different abrasives, machines and grinding conditions. The analysis is for repeated batch production. Account is taken of machine cost and abrasive cost. Cost comparisons were based on extensive trials to assess re-dress life against workpiece quality requirements. Experiments show that different workpiece materials require different strategies to reduce costs. Easy-to-grind AISI 52100 and difficult-to-grind Inconel 718 materials were ground at conventional speeds and at high speeds. It is shown that wheel speed affects production rate through acceptable values of re-dress life, removal rate and dwell time. Advantages were gained using vitrified CBN at conventional speed and at high speed. For both materials, vitrified CBN wheels used at high speed, gave better quality at lower cost than conventional abrasives. Wheel costs became negligible and labour costs greatly reduced. Re-dress life trials, usually neglected, are shown to be essential to reduce costs and maintain quality [1]. 相似文献
62.
Y. H. Cheng X. L. Qiao J. G. Chen Y. P. Wu C. S. Xie Y. Q. Wang D. S. Xu S. B. Mo Y. B. Sun 《Surface & coatings technology》2002,160(2-3)
Carbon nitride films were deposited by direct current plasma assisted pulsed laser ablation of a graphite target under a nitrogen atmosphere at room temperature. The surface morphology, composition and bonding structure of the deposited films were characterized by atomic force microscopy (AFM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, Raman, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The effect of laser fluences in the range 0.5–3 J/cm2 on the surface morphology, composition and bonding structure of the carbon nitride films were systematically studied. As laser fluence is increased, AFM results show a great decrease in the surface roughness of carbon nitride films. FTIR and XPS results indicate an increase in the N/C ratio and the content of N atoms bonded to sp3 C, as well as a decrease in the content of H atoms and the content of N atoms boned to sp2 C in the deposited films, and Raman spectra indicate an increase in the content of disordered sp2 C atoms and the sp2 cluster size. The increase in the film density and the decrease in the particle fraction contribute to the decrease of surface roughness with increasing laser fluence. 相似文献
63.
Characterization and wear behavior of modified silicon nitride 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
E. Carrasquero A. Bellosi M.H. Staia 《International Journal of Refractory Metals and Hard Materials》2005,23(4-6):391-397
Silicon nitride-based materials are applied to many tribological components because of their superior thermal and mechanical properties and corrosion resistance. The purpose of this study is to investigate the wear performance of modified silicon nitride which contained 3 wt.% La2O3 and 3 wt.% Y2O3. The relationships between microstructure and mechanical properties have been also addressed. Vickers microhardness and toughness were measured, the later being determined by means of the direct crack measurement method (DCM). Scanning electron microscopy technique (SEM) coupled with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) was used for the morphological characterization of the samples as well as for the characterization of the wear scars. Wear properties were studied under a load of 10 N by using the ball-on-disk tribometer. AISI 52100 steel balls and balls of WC + 6% Co (6 mm diameter) were used as static counterparts, respectively. Steady state friction coefficients of 0.66 and 0.62 were measured for the tribological pairs WC + 6 % Co/Si3N4 and AISI 52100/Si3N4, respectively. The wear mechanism was determined in each case, and comparison between the wear performance of the traditional and modified silicon nitride is also presented. 相似文献
64.
65.
Patricia Muñoz-Escalona Shreyes Melkote Kai Liu 《Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance》2005,14(5):582-590
In recent years, the finite element method (FEM) has become the main tool for simulating the metal cutting process because
research based on trial and error is time consuming and requires high investment. Early studies were done by different investigators.
In this research AISI 52100, hardened steel (62 HRC) was selected for an orthogonal machining process as well as metal cutting
simulation using the software DEFORM-2D. This software is based on a forging process and has been adapted to an orthogonal
machining process. The results of simulated cutting forces were compared with experimental cutting force data to validate
the orthogonal cut simulation. Also, the surface roughness was measured, and the influence of the stress, strain, and temperature
on the surface roughness was studied. 相似文献
66.
磷氮阻燃腈纶结构性能及阻燃机理研究 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
研究了含磷酸二氢铵和脲复合阻燃剂的共混阻燃腈纶的结构和性能。研究表明,在纤维成形加工过程中,部分阻燃剂聚合生成聚磷酸铵和聚脲,阻燃剂以微粒状均匀分散并包埋在纤维内部;阻燃剂的加入使纤维高序区大分子间等距离排列的规整性和片状结构单元等距离平行排列的程度降低,热稳定性亦略有下降;但纤维的宏形态结构及物理机械性能没有明显变化;磷氮阻燃腈纶具有良好的阻燃性和阻燃耐久性,经碱洗20次、水洗30次后,阻燃剂的磷和氮的保留率分别高达82.9%和89.5%,纤维的LOI值仍在26%以上。 相似文献
67.
Yury G. Gogotsi Franz Porz Viktor P. Yaroshenko 《Journal of the American Ceramic Society》1992,75(8):2251-2259
The study examines the effect which the composition of hot-pressed electroconductive ceramics has on their structure, mechanical properties, and oxidation behavior, for ceramics of the type AIN–Al2 O3 –42 wt% TiN, differing in the AIN/Al2 O3 ratio. The results are physico-mechanical property data, including density, hardness, strength, fracture toughness, and wear resistance. A correlation was found between the wear resistance and fracture toughness. The analysis of oxidation products revealed the formation of α-Al2 O3 and rutile in the temperature range from 600° to 1100°C and aluminum titanate above 1200°C. The spallation of the oxide layer caused low oxidation resistance of Al2 O3 -rich composites above 1250°C. The oxidation of composites was compared with the oxidation of pure TiN. The relationship is discussed between material properties, composition, phases, and processing parameters. 相似文献
68.
Manuel Belmonte Vitor A. Silva Antonio José Fernandes Florinda Costa Rui Silva 《Journal of the American Ceramic Society》2003,86(5):749-754
The efficiency of different surface pretreatments (four standard chemical etchings and four diamond powder abrasive procedures) on silicon nitride (Si3 N4 ) substrates for chemical vapor deposition (CVD) of diamond has been systematically investigated. Blank Si3 N4 samples were polished with colloidal silica (∼0.25 μm). Diamond nucleation and growth runs were conducted in a microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition apparatus for 10 min and 6 h, respectively. Superior results concerning nucleation density ( N d ∼ 1010 cm−2 after 10 min), film uniformity, and grain size (below 2 μm after 6 h) were obtained for the mechanically microflawed samples, revealing that chemical etchings (hot and cold strong acids, molten base or CF4 plasma) are not crucial for good CVD diamond quality on Si3 N4 . 相似文献
69.
Silicon Nitride Derived from an Organometallic Polymeric Precursor: Preparation and Characterization 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Wayde R. Schmidt Vijay Sukumar William J. Hurley Jr. Roberto Garcia Robert H. Doremus Leonard V. Interrante Gary M. Renlund 《Journal of the American Ceramic Society》1990,73(8):2412-2418
Partially crystalline Si3 N4 , with nanosized crystals and a specific surface area greater than 200 m2 /g, is obtained by pyrolysis of a commercially available vinylic polysilane in a stream of anhydrous NH3 to 1000°C. This polymer does not contain N initially. Crystallization to high-purity α-Si3 N4 proceeds with additional heating above 1400°C under N2 . The changes in crystallinity, powder morphology, infrared spectra, and elemental compositions, for samples annealed from 1000° to 1600°C under N2 , are consistent with an amorphous-to-crystalline transformation. Although macroscopic consolidation and local densification occur at 1400°C, volatilization and accompanying weight loss limit bulk densification. The effect of temperature on specific surface area is examined and related to the sintering process. These results are applicable to pyrolysis, decomposition, and crystallization studies of ceramics synthesized by polymeric precursor routes. 相似文献
70.
Irina Tsarenko Sang Park Honghua Du Woo Y. Lee 《Journal of the American Ceramic Society》2003,86(9):1622-1624
A 25 nm thick α-alumina layer was deposited on a turbine-grade silicon nitride by sol-gel dip coating and subsequent heat treatment in air at 1200°C. This layer had a nanometer grain structure. Silicon nitride protected by this thin layer showed a significant improvement in oxidation resistance over its uncoated counterpart after 200 cyclic exposures in air at 1250°C. The oxide layer grown on the coated silicon nitride also exhibited superior surface morphology, compared with the uncoated silicon nitride. 相似文献