人口红利对我国城乡收入差距的影响研究

人口红利促进经济增长,但是城乡收入差距却不断扩大。从人口红利的两个显著特征,高劳动参与率和总抚养比的下降两个途径提出理论假说。以中国1993—2012年的第二三产业总比重、城乡人力资本投资差异和城乡收入差距的时间序列数据,构建VECM 模型。实证结果表明：城乡收入差距长期受到产业结构的变动和城乡人力资本投资差异的共同作用;在滞后期内,第二三产业总比重的增加导致城乡收入差距缩小,城乡人力资本投资差异的扩大将导致城乡收入差距扩大。     

铁心电抗器气隙等效导磁面积计算

以一台实际干式带气隙铁心电抗器为例,建立电抗器的三维电磁场仿真模型,给出仿真模型内的基本假设和边界条件;采用有限元分析,计算出了不同气隙下铁心电抗器的电感值和磁路中的磁感应强度矢量图,并与部分实测数据相对比,验证了仿真模型与仿真结果的正确性.然后,以铁心电抗器的电感量为主要研究对象,定量计算在不同气隙与不同铁心直径下电抗器的电感值,给出了电感值随气隙和铁心直径的变化曲线并对其拟合及定性分析.最后,结合铁心电抗器计算公式和基本假设,推算出气隙处磁通等效导磁面积扩大系数,研究气隙等效导磁面积扩大系数随气隙和铁心直径的变化关系.所得结论可以为此类电抗器的设计计算提供一定的技术支持.     

Surface plasmon resonance-induced Ag-BaTiO3 composites for catalytic performance

Ferroelectric BaTiO₃ was combined with Ag nanoparticles for piezocatalytic and photocatalytic viewpoints. Microstructural characterization (X-ray diffraction and electron microscopy images) revealed that the Ag was successfully bounded with BaTiO₃. X-ray photoelectron spectrum also confirmed the presence of Ag. Further, its performance was examined for dye degradation under visible light (for photocatalysis) and ultrasonication (for piezocatalysis). In both the catalysis processes, there was a significant improvement in Ag-loaded BaTiO₃ sample-based catalytic reactions. Catalytic performance was evaluated for multiple cycles and was found consistent. Scavenger tests were also performed to understand catalytic reactions.     

Tuning fermi level and band gap in Li4Ti5O12 by doping and vacancy for ultrafast Li+ insertion/extraction

Li₄T_i5O₁₂ (LTO) attracts great interest due to the “zero strain” during cycles but the poor electronic and ionic conductivity critically impede the practical application. Herein, we report a synergy strategy of tuning localized electrons to shift Fermi level and band gap by Mg/Zr co-doping and oxygen vacancy incorporation, which significantly improves Li⁺ and electronic transport. More importantly, the intrinsic synergistic mechanism has been revealed by neutron diffraction, X-ray absorption spectra, and first-principles calculations. The “elastic effect” of lattice induced by Mg/Zr co-doping allows LTO to accommodate more oxygen vacancies to a certain degree without a severe lattice distortion, which largely improves the electronic conductivity. Mg/Zr co-doping and oxygen vacancy incorporation effectively enhanced the dynamic characteristics of LTO electrode, achieving the excellent rate performance (90 mAh/g at 20C) and cycle stability (96.9% after 500 cycles at 10C). First-principles calculations confirm Fermi level shifts to the conduction band, and the band gap becomes narrowed due to the synergistic modulation, and the intrinsic mechanism of the enhanced electronic and Li-ion conductivity is clarified. This study offers some insights into achieving the fast Li⁺ insertion/extraction by tuning the crystal and electronic structure with lattice doping and oxygen vacancy engineering.     

基于局部间隙状况电火花磨削周期的伺服策略

分析了现有的一些电火花磨削伺服策略存在的问题，提出了基于周期性和局部性特点的伺服策略。该策略以回转周期为控制周期，以局部间隙状况为控制的依据，通过极端局部间隙状况控制极端局部表面加工状态，从而控制整个表面优质高效的加工，具有快速修圆和一定的自动寻优功能。     

Cu对Al-Zn系a1／（a1＋a2）边界走向的影响

对平衡处理(300℃～340℃)后的Al-Zn及Al-Zn加Cu合金a1相成分进行了电子探针微区分析。确定了Cu对a1 a2溶解度间隙形状，即a1/(a1 a2)边界走向的影响。该边界随着Cu含量的增加，向低Zn侧偏移，而不是此前所确定的向高Zn侧偏移。这一结果支持近年的热力学计算结果，溶解度间隙呈“隧道形”，而不支持根据实测相图推测的“钟罩形”。     

模具行业“十一五”规划

根据我国模具行业的现状,"十五"期间取得的成绩和存在的主要差距,以及我国模具行业持续发展的态势,不断增加的市场需求和良好的宏观环境,确定了"十一五"模具行业规划的发展总量和争取进入世界模具生产制造强国的具体目标。特别对模具产品发展的重点和模具技术发展的重点提出了具体措施意见及政策建议。     

激光-MIG复合焊接参数的优化与选择

在激光-电弧复合焊接中，两种热源的集成导致工艺参数的调节更为复杂，如何根据实际需求来选择工艺参数一直是困扰该工艺的主要问题。对此，采用4mm厚Q235钢板进行了CO2激光-MIG（metal inert gas）复合焊接研究，探讨了激光功率、电弧电流对最大焊接速度的影响及其和接头间隙对焊缝成形的影响规律。结果表明：激光功率的增加更有利于最大焊接速度的提高，只有合理的工艺参数组合才能取得良好的焊缝成形。由此提出了CO2激光一MIG复合焊工艺参数的优化与选择方案。     

定、转子冲片级进模维护要领及常见故障的排除

通过对电机定、转子片级进冲模结构形式的分类、凸模、凹模常见的固定方式的介绍，阐述了电机定、转子片级进冲模模具在日常使用中的维护和保养要领。重点介绍了凸模、凹模的更换程序，卸料板的安装程序，以及模具在使用中常见故障原因的分析和排除方法。     

二次冷轧机组宽中浪板形缺陷控制研究

针对某DCR（Double Cold Reduction）二次冷轧机组经常出现宽中浪板形缺陷的问题，基于二次冷轧的生产工艺特点，通过分析计算，发现1#机架与2#机架承载辊缝比例凸度相差较大是宽中浪板形缺陷产生的主要原因，且鉴于该机组现有中间辊轴向横移和弯辊调控手段都不能有效消除该类板形缺陷，设计了1#机架中间辊辊型，该辊型在有效减少1#机架与2#机架承载辊缝比例凸度差异的同时，轧机的弯辊调控功效、中间辊轴向横移调控功效以及辊缝横向刚度都得到了有效提升。