人工智能中的上下文推理

对上下文推理的原理和形式进行了阐述,讨论了上下文推理的形式化问题,并给出一个利用MCS对问题进行形式化表示和求解的实例。     

Influence of Emotion on Memory for Temporal Information.

Contextual information, such as color and spatial location, has been found to be better remembered for emotional than for neutral items. The current study examined whether the influence of emotion extends to memory for another fundamental feature of episodic memory: temporal information. Results from a list-discrimination paradigm showed that (a) item memory was enhanced for both negative and positive pictures compared with neutral ones and was better for negative than for positive pictures and (b) temporal information was better remembered for negative than for positive and neutral pictures, whereas positive and neutral pictures did not differ from each other. These findings are discussed in relation to the processes involved in memory for temporal information. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

A Convergent-Divergent Approach to Context Processing, General Intellectual Functioning, and the Genetic Liability to Schizophrenia.

Convergent and divergent validity are critically important in developing psychological measures that reveal interpretable deficits in disordered populations. This article reports on 2 studies that evaluated the validity of context processing measures. In Experiment 1, a confirmatory factor analysis of data from 481 healthy adults established the convergent validity of 2 context processing measures and showed that context processing accounted for significant amounts of variance in standard IQ and working memory measures. In Experiment 2, 20 schizophrenia patients, 16 of their healthy siblings, and 28 controls were evaluated using a novel, short context processing measure, the dot pattern expectancy (DPX) task. The DPX was sensitive to specific deficits in schizophrenia patients and their healthy siblings. These findings support the construct validity of context processing measures, suggest context processing is a component of intellectual functioning, and demonstrate that brief context processing measures remain sensitive to psychopathological deficits. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

基于自然语言处理的网页过滤方法研究

www上的信息极大丰富，搜索引擎存在精确度低的问题。为准确地从搜索到的网页中提取有用信息，发展一个自动的过滤器已成为当务之急。本文提出的基于自然语言处理的网页过滤方法，从语法、语义和语境三个方面上分析网页的自然语言。实验表明，该方法在一定程度上提高了搜索引擎的精确度。     

Using a Stochastic Complexity Measure to Check the Efficient Market Hypothesis

The weak form of the Efficient Market Hypothesis (EMH) states that current market price reflects fully the information from past prices and rules out prediction based on price data alone. No recent test of time series of stock returns rejects this weak-form hypothesis. This research offers another test of the weak form of the EHM that leads to different conclusions for some time series.The stochastic complexity of a time series is a measure of the number of bits needed to represent and reproduce the information in the time series. In an efficient market, compression of the time series is not possible, because there are no patterns and the stochastic complexity is high. In this research, Rissanen's context tree algorithm is used to identify recurring patterns in the data, and use them for compression. The weak form of the EMH is tested for 13 international stock indices and for all the stocks that comprise the Tel-Aviv 25 index (TA25), using sliding windows of 50, 75, and 100 consecutive daily returns. Statistically significant compression is detected in ten of the international stock index series. In the aggregate, 60% to 84% of the TA25 stocks tested demonstrate compressibility beyond randomness. This indicates potential market inefficiency.     

Path Dependent Analysis of Logic Programs

This paper presents an abstract semantics that uses information about execution paths to improve precision of data flow analyses of logic programs. The abstract semantics is illustrated by abstracting execution paths using call strings of fixed length and the last transfer of control. Abstract domains that have been developed for logic program analyses can be used with the new abstract semantics without modification.     

Context Switching in a Run-Time Reconfigurable System

A distinguishing feature of reconfigurable computing over rapid prototyping is its ability to configure the computational fabric on-line while an application is running. Conventional reconfigurable computing platforms utilize commodity FPGAs, which typically have relatively long configuration times. Shrinking the configuration time down to the nanosecond region opens possibilities for rapid context switching and virtualizing the computational resources. An experimental context-switching FPGA, called the CSRC, has been created by BAE Systems, and gives researchers the opportunity to explore context-switching applications. This paper presents results obtained from constructing both control-driven and data-driven context switching applications on the CSRC device, along with unique properties of the run-time and compile-time environment.     

交互技术在手写公式编辑中的应用

遵循泛化计算理论，设计实现了一个联机手写公式编辑系统，以提高识别率和交互(效)率．该系统采用上下文感知技术来辅助切分、解决符号的二义性；采用备选择优、直接指定技术来修正字符的识别结果；采用局部放大解决笔画交叉时的分割问题；最后还给出一个补笔算法．实验表明，这些技术的应用使得数学公式的识别率和系统交互(效)率得到有效的提高，同时使该系统具有自然、隐式交互的特点。     

基于小波形态学的文本自动检测

视频数据中的文本能提供重要的语义信息。论文针对视频中的文本分割问题,提出一种分割方法,用具有良好时频局部和变尺度特性的小波分析方法,提取出纹理清晰、具有不同空间分辨率、不同方向的边缘子图象,然后,用数学形态学的方法对提取出的细节图象进行进一步的形态运算,消除无用的信息,得到最终的文本目标区域。实验表明该方法简单有效,适合于背景较复杂的文本分割。     

基于上下文的多值图像无失真压缩

基于上下文的多值图像无失真压缩能获得较高的编码效率。图像编码应充分考虑图像的统计差异性。本文在基于上下文的多值图像无失真编码中结合自适应预测、误差信号非线性分类、误差映射、以及简化的上下文。通过试验，对比各种措施的效果，模拟结果显示，参数数量大量减少，编码效率却大大提高了。