驾驶舱照明设计与分析

本文是驾驶舱照明多年设计经验的总结。概括驾驶舱照明设计的重要性,明确驾驶舱照明的目的。通过对白光、红光、蓝白光特性分析,结合飞机使用需求,确定驾驶舱照明光色。对先进民机驾驶舱灯具配置分析,强调设计人员在进行灯具配置时需要考虑的多种因素。最后从调光控制方式选择,晶体调光控制和PWM调光控制原理设计以及防舱内眩光几个方面进行阐述。给新进入这个领域的设计人员有个系统的认识,以缩短设计人员入门的时间,提供工作效率。     

Making Sense: The MIX House

In an effort to challenge the dominance of vision over the other senses in architectural experience, Joel Sanders and Karen Van Lengen infuse a speculative domestic environment with digital audio technology. Their design capitalises on the augmentation of aural–visual boundaries via technological interventions, ultimately recasting the house from a private and insulated environment to that of a hybridised interactive site. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Character‐contrast measurements on reflective displays using replica masks

Abstract— A replica‐mask method is presented to measure the contrast of character strokes on reflective displays. The method accounts for veiling glare introduced into the detector by the bright areas surrounding the dark characters. A sampling sphere is employed to provide a uniform diffuse surround. Measurements of the diffuse reflectances are provided with specular included and with specular excluded. For reflective displays, the contrast is the same as the ratio of the reflectances and does not scale with illuminance levels. Details are provided to replicate the measurement procedure.     

一种面向高动态范围材质的实时渲染算法

针对具有高动态范围材质的场景的渲染问题，给出了将渲染光照模型由传统材质模型扩展为高动态范围材质模型和基于GPU实时渲染的算法。经过此算法得到的高动态范围渲染结果必须通过进一步的处理才能正确地显示在仅具有低动态范围的显示输出设备上。为此，该文给出了一个结合高动态范围材质的实时渲染算法、基于物理的模拟镜头眩光效果算法以及色调映射算法的综合方法，并通过实现验证了此方法。     

Optimizing and evaluating new automotive HMI image enhancement algorithms under bright light conditions using display reflectance characteristics

We have developed and investigated new image enhancement (tone mapping) algorithms for automotive Human Machine Interfaces (HMIs) so that displays can be better read in bright light. Our ‘ΔL/L’ approach with adaptive color rendering (CR) is based on Weber's fraction and is easy to use with various displays and illumination variables. In tests with automotive HMIs under different lighting conditions—including driver glare—the ‘ΔL/L + CR’ image enhancement method proved to be a good choice. First, reflective, transflective, and transmissive displays were tested and their image quality compared with and without new tone mapping. It was found that enhancing improved the gray scale perception, even on reflective (e‐paper by dithering) displays. A transmissive LCD, which only reflects monochrome, is highly suitable for mostly monochrome content as it maintains a high contrast ratio under bright light; however, its gamut is degraded at large extent. Transmissive matte LCDs perform best with image enhancement for automotive color HMIs.     

Camera and visual veiling glare in HDR images

Abstract— High‐dynamic‐range (HDR) images are superior to conventional images. The experiments in this paper measure camera and human responses to calibrated HDR test targets. We calibrated a 4.3‐log‐unit test target, with minimal and maximal glare from a changeable surround. Glare is an uncontrolled spread of an image‐dependent fraction of scene luminance in cameras and in the eye. We use this standard test target to measure the range of luminances that can be captured on a camera's image plane. Further, we measure the appearance of these test luminance patches. We discuss why HDR is better than conventional imaging, despite the fact the reproduction of luminance is inaccurate.     

体育照明设计软件Lumer

本文详细介绍了体育照明设计软件Lumer的实现，涉及灯具的选择和布置，照度计算，眩光评价等方面，软件提供的自动布灯算法和开放性灯具库极大简化了体育照明的设计过程，并以上海八万人体育场为例，进行计算和对比，证明了软件的实用性，希望能在实际运用中逐步优化本软件，以获得良好的效果，营造出舒适，高效的光环境。     

城市道路照明设计中失能眩光的计算与控制

通过城市道路照明设计标准新旧版本对眩光限制指标的对比,阐述相关理论在道路照明设计定量计算上的运用,通过对某工程设计实例进行的计算分析,提出降低眩光阈值增量的基本方法,探讨城市道路照明眩光限制计算的重要性。     

为学生设计优质的教室照明

教室照明不良会造成学生后天近视,因此必须科学设计教室照明光源的位置并配置灯具,以改善教室的照明,并严格控制眩光.对教室黑板应设置专用照明灯,以提高黑板的平均照度.     

A first approach to discomfort glare in the presence of non-uniform luminance

This study aims to elucidate the difference in glare sensation between uniform and non-uniform glare sources. In the experiment, the degree of discomfort glare is examined using simulated windows of uniform and non-uniform surface luminance. The window plane is divided into two parts, the upper and lower surfaces, and the luminance and solid angle of each surface are set differently. The upper and lower parts are assumed to be the sky and obstacle, respectively. Two conclusions follow from this study. First, the degree of discomfort glare for the uniform window is higher than it is for the non-uniform window, when the luminance of the uniform window is the same as the average luminance of the non-uniform window. Therefore, the discomfort glare sensation of the non-uniform window is different from that of the uniform window. Second, the glare source in the non-uniform window is restricted by luminance and originates from parts ranging from the highest level of luminance down to a level that is 61% of the highest level of luminance. These results may be useful for selecting the glare source in a window with a non-uniform luminance distribution.