外源甜菜碱与褪黑素复合处理对龙眼果实贮藏性能的影响

目的 研究不同浓度甜菜碱与褪黑素复合处理对采后龙眼果实冷藏的保鲜效果,以期为龙眼贮藏保鲜新技术提供理论参考。方法 以‘储良’龙眼为实验材料,分别采用0、5、10、15 mmol/L的甜菜碱与300 mmol/L的褪黑素复配制成保鲜剂处理果实。在温度为4 ℃、相对湿度为85%条件下贮藏,研究其冷藏期间质量损失率及可溶性固形物(TSS)、可滴定酸(TA)、抗坏血酸(VC)、丙二醛(MDA)、游离脯氨酸含量和过氧化氢酶(CAT)、过氧化物酶(POD)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性的变化。结果 与300 mmol/L褪黑素对照组相比,复合保鲜剂能有效减少龙眼果实水分、TSS、TA、VC和游离脯氨酸含量的损失,使龙眼果肉保持较高的SOD、CAT活性(P<0.05),而POD活性和MDA含量维持在较低水平。结论 300 mmol/L褪黑素+10 mmol/L甜菜碱处理对龙眼的冷藏保鲜效果最佳。     

雪莲菌发酵提高枸杞原浆甜菜碱含量的工艺优化及品质分析

该研究以混合菌种雪莲菌为发酵菌种,枸杞原浆中甜菜碱含量为指标,通过单因素试验和正交试验对雪莲菌发酵枸杞原浆进行工艺优化,并对发酵后的枸杞原浆进行品质分析。结果表明,最佳发酵工艺条件为雪莲菌接种量5%（m/V）,发酵时间48 h,发酵温度25 ℃,此条件下甜菜碱含量为18.95 mg/mL,比未发酵枸杞原浆甜菜碱含量增加2.54倍,总酚含量为2.03 mg/mL、黄酮含量为0.68 mg/mL、总糖含量为11.92 mg/mL。雪莲菌发酵后枸杞原浆中共检测出65种挥发性成分,包括21种醇类、27种酯类、1种醛类、1种酮类、8种酸类、3种烷类、2种酚类和2种烯类,与发酵前相比新增24种,且醇类、酯类和酸类物质较发酵前显著性增加,挥发性成分总含量由8.94 mg/mL增加至39.76 mg/mL,为制备高品质枸杞原浆提供理论依据,为枸杞产业化深加工提供指导。     

新型甜菜碱两性表面活性剂的合成

本文以脂肪醇缩水甘油醚（Ｉ）为原料，经开环和羧甲基化两步反应合成了三种含有羟丙基的甜菜碱型两性表面活性剂（Ⅱ）。     

去氢枞酸基新型甜菜碱类两性表面活性剂的合成

从歧化松香中分离提纯去氢枞酸,然后以去氢枞酸为原料,经去氢枞酸缩水甘油酯及叔胺中间体,合成了N-(3-去氢枞酰氧基-2-羟基)丙基-N,N-二甲基羧甲基甜菜碱和N-(3-去氢枞酰氧基-2-羟基)丙基-N,N-二甲基(2-羟基)磺丙基甜菜碱这两种新型甜菜碱类两性表面活性剂。通过紫外、红外及质谱分析,对目标产物进行了结构表征,并对其表面张力和临界胶束浓度进行了测定。     

环境友好型织物柔软剂的研制

以硬脂酸、三乙醇胺为原料，在1300℃-175℃成双酯化物，再在pH=7-8、70℃时加入氯乙酸，反应4小时．合成标题化合物。经正交试验，选择了最佳反应条件：硬脂酸与三乙醇胺分子比为2：1，反应时间为6～7小时，苯磺酸作为催化剂加入量为0．2％，携水剂量为35％。红外光谱表征了产品化合物。     

Permeability alterations in unilamellar liposomes due to betaine-type zwitterionic and anionic surfactant mixed systems

The alterations caused by betaine-type zwitterionic and anionic surfactant mixed systems in the permeability of unilamellar liposomes have been investigated. The partition coefficient of these systems, at different molar fractions, between the aqueous phase and the lipid bilayer of liposomes has been determined. These surfactant mixed systems were formed byN-dodecyl-N,N-dimethylbetaine (C₁₂-Bet) and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) in the presence of 20 mM PIPES buffer and 110 mM Na₂SO₄, at pH 7.21. Unilamellar liposomes were prepared from egg phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidic acid (9:1 molar ratio). The release of the fluorescent agent 5-(6)-carboxyfluorescein induced by the systems has been studied at sub-solubilizing concentrations. When the molar fraction of C₁₂-Bet/SDS is about 0.4, the critical micelle concentration values of these systems exhibit a minimum, whereas their partition coefficient between the aqueous phase and lipid bilayer of lipid bilayers shows a maximum. There is a consistent correlation between the partition coefficient and the ability of the different systems of surfactants to modify the permeability of liposomes.     

Kinetic Modeling of Palmitamidopropyl Betaine Synthesis

In this work, the reaction kinetics of betaine synthesis were investigated. Specifically, an integral method was used to analyze the experimental data of the amidation reaction over the temperature range of 413.15–453.15 K and the data of the quaternization reaction over the temperature range of 348.15–368.15 K. The 2 reaction steps were shown to match the second‐order bimolecular kinetics model, and their equations could be deduced from the experimental data at different temperatures. The activation energy, E_a, and the pre‐exponential factor, A, were obtained from the equilibrium constant at different temperatures using the Arrhenius equation. For the 2 reactions, the activation energies were 31.68 and 47.03 kJ mol^?1, respectively, and the preexponential factors were 26.99 and 4.07 × 10⁴. Over the tested temperature range, the kinetic model equations were verified by comparing the additional experimental data with the theoretical values. This study provides a theoretical basis for the continuous production of palmitamidopropyl betaine.     

甜菜碱对聚异戊二烯橡胶性能的影响简

探讨甜菜碱(三甲铵乙内酯,天然橡胶非胶组分)对聚异戊二烯橡胶(IR)硫化特性、强伸性能和热稳定性能的影响。结果表明:与未加甜菜碱的IR相比,添加甜菜碱的IR硫化速度显著提高,交联密度增大,强伸性能改善,热稳定性能略有提高;当甜菜碱用量为0.5份时,IR的综合性能最佳。     

粘弹性表面活性剂胶束酸在砂岩储层分流酸化中的应用

粘弹性表面活性剂(VES)技术已在碳酸盐岩油气藏压裂、酸化中得到成功的应用,同样VES技术可应用于砂岩酸化。实验合成出新型粘弹性表面活性剂-芥子酰胺丙基甜菜碱(SAP-BET),由于SAP-BET为具有很长疏水碳链的两性粘弹性表面活性剂,所以用其配制的胶束流体具有良好的粘弹性行为,可用其配制具有自主分流、控滤失等特性的酸液或清洁压裂液。根据粘性表皮系数,建立了砂岩VES胶束流体分流酸化技术。该酸化工艺适合高温非均质多层砂岩油藏分流酸化。     

Combined biological treatment of high‐sulphate wastewater from yeast production

The wastewater from baker's yeast production contains above‐average concentrations of organic pollutants (25 000 mg/L total chemical oxygen demand, TCOD), nutrients (1500 mg/L N_tot, 100 mg/L P_tot) and sulphate (2900 mg/L SO₄^2?). Baker's yeast wastewater with a flow rate of 190 m³/day was treated in a mesophilic anaerobic/anoxic continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR) system. At the expense of the reduction of trimethylglycine (or betaine‐component of sugar‐beet molasses) to other nitrogen‐containing compounds, it was possible to re‐oxidize the sulphides to elemental sulphur, remove them from the wastewater and increase biogas production. Therefore, the average removal efficiency in the anaerobic/anoxic system was 79% by TCOD, 100% by SO₄^2? in which the concentration of sulphides in the effluent did not exceed 50 mg/L. The application of this combined anaerobic/anoxic system to a full‐scale treatment plant supported biogas production up to 1300 m³/day, and the purification of wastewater was feasible without the use of granular sludge.