无碱表面活性剂羧基甜菜碱表/界面性能研究

研究了自制的含双键羧基甜菜碱BC的表面性能和无碱条件下与大庆原油间的界面性能。45℃时,BC的临界胶束浓度(C_cmc)为1.02×10^-5mol/L,γ_cmc为29.603 mN/m。油水来源为大庆一厂时,在BC质量分数为0.05%⁰.20%时,BC一元体系、BC/0.09%部分水解聚丙烯酰胺（HPAM）二元体系采出水溶液与原油和模拟原油间的界面张力均达到10^-3mN/m数量级,单一活性剂体系与模拟原油间界面张力降幅大于相应的原油结果,二元体系达到超低界面张力的时间比一元体系长。油水来源为大庆三厂时,BC一元体系采出水溶液与原油达到超低界面张力,且45℃老化160 d的界面张力仍保持在10^-3数量级,稳定性较好。图7表1参10     

聚磺酸甜菜碱的合成及在棉织物抗菌整理中应用

为实现棉织物的高效持久抗菌功能,制备了一种聚磺酸甜菜碱(PSPB)抗菌整理剂并将其应用于棉织物的抗菌整理。通过单因素分析法,探讨了PSPB质量浓度、浴比、浸泡时间、烘焙温度与烘焙时间对棉织物抑菌圈大小的影响,得到抗菌整理的优化工艺;采用活菌计数法对经优化工艺整理的棉织物进行抗菌性能及耐洗牢度测试。结果表明,抗菌整理的优化工艺条件为:PSPB质量浓度54 g/L,浴比1∶30,浸泡时间50 min,烘焙温度170 ℃,烘焙时间150 s。红外光谱与扫描电镜表征证实PSPB成功合成且成功接枝到棉纤维表面。整理后织物对大肠杆菌与金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌率分别为99.87%、99.99%,且具有优异的耐洗性能。织物断裂强力及白度测试结果表明,PSPB抗菌棉织物的强力与白度均满足服用要求。     

新型甜菜碱型沥青乳化剂的合成与性能测试

目的在于合成一种新型甜菜碱阳离子沥青乳化剂.方法是采用烷基二胺、环氧丙烷和氯乙酸为原料,经两步反应合成出N,N-(2-羟基丙基)(乙酸基)-N′-十八烷基丙撑二胺盐酸盐.利用红外光谱对产物结构进行了鉴定.详细研究了合成条件对反应的影响,得出了合成最佳工艺条件.乳化性能测试表明：该乳化剂具有很好的乳化能力,是一种慢裂快凝型沥青乳化剂.利用表面张力法,测定了该乳化剂的临界胶束浓度为1.52×10-4mol／L,在临界胶束浓度下的表面张力为39.25×10-3N／m.     

三甲铵乙内酯(甜菜碱)的合成

介绍了以氯乙酸钠和三甲胺为原料合成三甲铵乙内酯（甜菜碱）的方法,以室温为起始反应温度反应０．５ｈ,然后分别于５０℃～５５℃和８０℃～８５℃反应１ｈ,以强酸性阳离子交换树脂为反应液的分离提纯物质。其收率超过９７％,产品纯度达到９８．５％。该法具有操作简便、反应时间短、反应条件温和、产品纯度高等优点。     

甜菜碱提高LO2细胞中抗氧化酶的表达水平

该研究探究了甜菜碱(BET)对人正常肝细胞LO2细胞中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GPx)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)mRNA水平的影响及机制.使用实时荧光定量、蛋白质免疫印迹和酶联免疫吸附法检测细胞内抗氧化酶的mRNA水平,以及Nrf2-Keap1-ARE通路的相关指标.经不同浓度的BET处理12 h后,...     

Biodegradable Amphoteric Surfactants in Titration-Ultrasound Formulation of Oil-in-Water Nanoemulsions: Rational Design,Development, and Kinetic Stability

Amphoteric amphiphilic compounds, due to their unique properties, may represent a group of safe and biocompatible surface-active agents for effective colloidal stabilization of nanoformulations. For this reason, the aim of this work was to develop and characterize the oil-in-water nanoemulsions based on two betaine-derived surfactants with high biodegradability, i.e., cocamidopropyl betaine and coco-betaine. In the first step, we investigated ternary phase diagrams of surfactant-oil-water systems containing different weight ratios of surfactant and oil, as the betaine-type surfactant entity (S), linoleic acid, or oleic acid as the oil phase (O), and the aqueous phase (W) using the titration-ultrasound approach. All the received nanoemulsion systems were then characterized upon droplets size (dynamic light scattering), surface charge (electrophoretic light scattering), and morphology (transmission electron as well as atomic force microscopy). Thermal and spinning tests revealed the most stable compositions, which were subjected to further kinetic stability analysis, including turbidimetric evaluation. Finally, the backscattering profiles revealed the most promising candidate with a size <200 nm for potential delivery of active agents in the future cosmetic, pharmaceutical, and biomedical applications.     

Large‐scale anaerobic degradation of betaine

Betaine, also known as N,N,N‐trimethyl glycine, is a soluble nitrogenous compound present at significant concentrations in sugar‐beet molasses. Molasses is used as substrate in a wide range of industrial fermentations, for example, alcohol, acid and yeast cell production. Betaine is not consumed to any significant extent during these fermentations and appears to largely pass through the subsequent processing stages, becoming an important constituent of the wastewater produced by these industries. The present study confirmed that betaine is present in large amounts in sugar‐beet molasses (up to 6% w/w) and in the effluent of processes using sugar‐beet molasses as substrate (up to 4.5 g dm⁻³). Betaine appeared to be almost completely degraded in the two full‐scale anaerobic treatment plants sampled. This was confirmed by anaerobic activity tests performed with both acclimated and unacclimated anaerobic sludge. The results obtained suggest the possible involvement of a multistep degradation process, with the likelihood of a nitrogen‐containing intermediate. Finally, although not totally discountable, betaine degradation does not appear to be coupled to sulfate reduction during treatment of high‐sulfate wastewaters. © 1999 Society of Chemical Industry     

甜菜碱对肉鸡屠宰性能及胸肌肉品质的影响

选用120 只1 日龄艾拔益加（arbor acres,AA）肉鸡随机分为2 组,每组6 个重复,每重复10 只。对照组饲喂基础日粮,实验组在基础日粮中添加750 mg/kg甜菜碱。结果表明,甜菜碱显著提高了肉鸡胸肌率和胸肌中粗蛋白含量（P＜0.05）,并显著提高胸肌pH24 h值,降低48 h滴水损失（P＜0.05）,但对肉色无显著影响（P＞0.05）;甜菜碱显著提高了胸肌中总超氧化物歧化酶活力和谷胱甘肽含量,降低了丙二醛含量（P＜0.05）。结果提示,甜菜碱能有效提高胸肌率,且能提高胸肌肉中粗蛋白含量和胸肌pH值、增强胸肌系水力及胸肌的抗氧化功能。     

磷钨酸烷基甜菜碱催化氧化燃料油脱硫的性能

以磷钨酸烷基甜菜碱为相转移催化剂,双氧水为氧化剂,在乳液体系下,催化氧化脱除燃料油中的硫化物,研究了磷钨酸十四烷基二甲基甜菜碱、磷钨酸十六烷基二甲基甜菜碱以及磷钨酸十八烷基二甲基甜菜碱的催化性能,考察了催化剂用量、制乳时间、制乳转速以及氧硫比对脱硫效果的影响。结果表明,烷基甜菜碱的烷基链越长,催化效果越好;在催化剂的用量为0.003（剂油比）、制乳时间8min、制乳转速2500r/min、氧硫比为11的条件下,脱硫率可达到91.23%。     

甘氨酸甜菜碱和分子伴侣dnaK在嗜盐四联球菌耐盐机制中的作用

能耐高盐的嗜盐四联球菌CICC 10469是从传统的酱料中分离得到.为研究耐盐特性与相容性溶质积累和分子伴侣dnaK特性的关系,使用核磁共振来检测其主要的相容性溶质.不同盐浓度对耐盐的嗜盐四联球菌和不耐盐的乳酸乳球菌MG 1363的生长的影响通过测量OD600来获得.盐浓度对分子伴侣dnaK表达的影响通过实时荧光定量RT-PCR来检测.相容性溶质和可溶性蛋白随盐浓度的变化通过HPLC和酶标仪来检测.结果显示嗜盐四联球菌以甘氨酸甜菜碱作为主要的相容性溶质.适合的盐浓度能够促进菌体的生长,在一定盐浓度范围内,甘氨酸甜菜碱,可溶性蛋白和分子伴侣dnaK随盐浓度的增加而升高,然而超过一定盐浓度范围后,表达量将会减少.这表明细菌能够根据外部环境做出适当的调整以维持细胞的正常生理功能.而乳酸乳球菌MG1363很少有相容性溶质和分子伴侣dnaK以耐受外部盐浓度.这表明相容性溶质和分子伴侣dnak在嗜盐四联球菌生长中起重要的作用.总之,中度嗜盐菌的主要耐盐机制是通过快速合成和释放甘氨酸甜菜碱及分子伴侣dnaK高活性表达来完成.