陕北低渗透储层表面活性剂驱油体系研究

针对陕北延长油田的储层情况,研制出一种以甜菜碱为主的复配驱油体系EPS,该体系配方为:甜菜碱:OP-10:异丙醇=7∶2∶1,使用浓度为0.1%。对该体系的配伍性、乳化性、抗盐性、cmc值、吸附值及采收率进行测定。结果表明,该驱油体系与陕北延长油田大部分高矿化度的地层水都有良好的配伍性和乳化性;cmc值较低(450 mg/L);岩心吸附值小(0.910 mg/g);耐盐性能好,当Ca2+浓度高达12 000 mg/L时,该体系与原油仍可达到超低界面张力(约10-3mN/m);在不同低渗透油层的驱替实验中,驱油效率提高6.7%～17.9%。     

Hydroxysulfobetaine/Hydrolyzed Polyacrylamide Complex Systems for Gudao Heavy Oil Recovery: A Dynamic Interfacial Tension Study

Abstract

A complex system that consists of hydroxysulfobetaine and hydrolyzed polyacrylamide has been studied. It is indicated that the complex system is of high viscosity and can reduce the interfacial tension between Gudao heavy oil and solution to ultra-low value. The interfacial tension of complex system in formation water is influenced simultaneously by the concentration of polymer and the salt content. The adsorption experiment shows that hydrolyzed polyacrylamide can prevent hydroxysulfobetaine from being adsorbed on the quartz sands excessively. It can be concluded that the hydroxysulfobetaine/hydrolyzed polyacrylamide complex system is capable of satisfying the requirements of displacement system for EOR.     

多功能两性表面活性剂椰油酰胺丙基甜菜碱

概述了国内外多功能两性表面活性剂椰油酰胺丙基甜菜碱的制备与性能。详细分析了椰油酰胺丙基甜菜碱的结构特性,系统地介绍了其反应原理和制备工艺。提出了提高产品质量和收率的可行性方案,对其水溶、去污、发泡、增稠、调理以及温和等突出性能作了介绍,并举例进行应用方面的讨论。     

可裂解的表面活性剂(英)(待续)

可裂解的表面活性剂值得关注有几方面的原因。首先,弱键联接的表面活性剂分子结构迎合了改善两亲性物质生物降解能力的发展趋势。裂解可以被酶催化,其生物降解作用可能与污水处理的一般发机理相符合。另外,这些表面活性剂也可以妥,例如,用酸、碱、此一（ＵＶ）、热或臭氧诱发降解反应,对酸、碱不稳定的表面活性剂已引起特别关注,因为在初始步骤所需的稳定性与其在后续步骤中应易裂解并不冲突。综述了制可裂解性表面活性剂的主     

Synthesis and swelling properties of 2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate‐co‐1‐vinyl‐3‐(3‐sulfopropyl)imidazolium betaine hydrogels

A series of 2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate/1‐vinyl‐3‐(3‐sulfopropyl)imidazolium betaine (HEMA/VSIB) copolymeric gels were prepared from various molar ratios of HEMA and the zwitterionic monomer VSIB. The influence of the amount of VSIB in copolymeric gels on their swelling behavior in water and various saline solutions at different temperatures and the drug‐release behavior, compression strength, and crosslinking density were investigated. Experimental results indicated that the PHEMA hydrogel and the lower VSIB content (3%) in the HEMA/VSIB gel exhibited an overshooting phenomenon in their dynamic swelling behavior, and the overshooting ratio decreased with increase of the temperature. In the equilibrium water content, the value increased with increase of the VSIB content in HEMA/VSIB hydrogels. In the saline solution, the water content for these gels was not affected by the ion concentration when the salt concentration was lower than the minimum salt concentration (MSC) of poly(VSIB). When the salt concentration was higher than the MSC of poly(VSIB), the deswelling behavior of the copolymeric gel was more effectively suppressed as more VSIB was added to the copolymeric gels. However, the swelling behavior of gels in KI, KBr, NaClO₄, and NaNO₃ solutions at a higher concentration would cause an antipolyelectrolyte phenomenon. Besides, the anion effects were larger than were the cation effects in the presence of a common anion (Cl^?) with different cations and a common cation (K⁺) with different anions for the hydrogel. In drug‐release behavior, the addition of VSIB increased the drug‐release ratio and the release rate. Finally, the addition of VSIB in the hydrogel improved the gel strength and crosslinking density of the gel. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 81: 2888–2900, 2001     

两性表面活性剂（八）——两性表面活性剂的合成

较为详细地介绍了烷基甜菜碱、烷基酰胺基甜菜碱、磺基甜菜碱及其他若干种甜菜碱型表面活性剂的合成,并比较了其中一些合成路线,特别是磺基甜菜碱的几种合成方法。对咪唑啉中间体、两性咪唑啉合成中的主要副产物及两性咪唑啉的开环结构进行了报道。对氨基酸型两性表面活性剂的原料胺、长链烷基氨基酸及烷基低聚氨基酸的合成方法也进行了讨论。     

苯磺酸甜菜碱表面改性阳离子交换膜

采用等离子体辉光放电技术,在以聚苯乙烯为基膜的阳离子交换膜表面接枝苯磺酸甜菜碱(SBMA)单体,制备出具有高选择透过性的阳离子交换膜。对改性前后的膜进行扫描电镜(SEM)、傅里叶红外光谱分析(FTIR)及氯离子泄漏率测试,表征膜的改性效果。结果表明:在SBMA浓度为60g/L,等离子照射强度为0.7 W/cm2,照射时间为7min,照射气体氛围为氩气的条件下,改性效果最佳。改性膜含有的活性基团明显增多,表面致密均匀,氯离子泄漏率由原膜的14%降低至2%以下。     

Betaine Alleviates High-Fat Diet-Induced Disruption of Hepatic Lipid and Iron Homeostasis in Mice

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is characterized by excessive fat deposition in the liver, which is often associated with disrupted iron homeostasis. Betaine has been reported to be hepatoprotective, yet whether and how betaine ameliorates high-fat diet-induced disruption of hepatic lipid and iron homeostasis remains elusive. In this study, mice were fed either standard (CON) or high-fat diet (HFD) for 9 weeks to establish a NAFLD model. Mice raised on HF diet were then assigned randomly to HF and HFB groups, HFB group being supplemented with 1% (w/v) of betaine in the drinking water for 13 weeks. Betaine supplementation significantly alleviated excessive hepatic lipid deposition and restored hepatic iron content. Betaine partly yet significantly reversed HFD-induced dysregulation of lipogenic genes such as PRARγ and CD36, as well as the iron-metabolic genes including FPN and HAMP that encodes hepcidin. Similar mitigation effects of betaine were observed for BMP2 and BMP6, the up-stream regulators of hepcidin expression. Betaine significantly rectified disrupted expression of methyl transfer gene, including BHMT, GNMT and DNMT1. Moreover, HFD-modified CpG methylation on the promoter of PRARγ and HAMP genes was significantly reversed by betaine supplementation. These results indicate that betaine alleviates HFD-induced disruption of hepatic lipid and iron metabolism, which is associated with modification of CpG methylation on promoter of lipogenic and iron-metabolic genes.     

两种新型活性染料净洗剂的性能研究

本文研究了两种两性表面活性剂十二烷基二甲基甜菜碱(BS-12)和羟磺基甜菜碱(LHS)分别与不同类型的非离子表面活性剂进行复配后的净洗性能,并对复配体系添加高分子化合物PVP和CMC后的净洗性能进行进一步的研究。初步总结两种不同类型的甜菜碱与高分子添加物的作用规律,并总结归纳出此类表面活性剂与非离子表面活性剂复配的最佳处方。