EFFECT OF STRUCTURE ON GRAPHITIZATION OF WHITE MALLEABLE CAST IRON

The structure of white iron treated with Si-Bi-AI complex inoculant has been observed bySEM and TEM. The results show that, in comparison with the samples treated with ordinaryinoculants, disorder, overlapping and inflexion of the pearlitic lamella appear, besides, the dis-location density increases apparently. The graphitization can be quickly realized at the tem-perature lower than that of austenitic transition (720℃).     

石墨化率不同的自焙炭块的热膨胀

采用精密垂直拉杆膨胀仪在１４～１０００℃范围内测量了具有不同石墨化率的自焙炭块的相对热伸长量，并由此获得了热线膨胀系数α。结果表明：石墨化率一定时，α值在较低温度下随温度升高而增加，在较高温度下，α值随温度变化不明显；恒温时，石墨化率越高，α值越低。讨论了单位热应力下的弹性模量概念     

Tribological behavior and graphitization of carbon nanotubes grown on 440C stainless steel

Vertically aligned carbon nanotube (CNT) arrays were directly grown onto 440C stainless steel substrates by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition. Tribological properties of both short and long CNTs samples were studied under normal loads of 10 g, 25 g and 100 g. The CNTs had a steady-state friction coefficient of about 0.2 in humid air. In dry nitrogen, a friction of 0.2 was measured under a load of 10 g while high friction was measured at 25 g and 100 g loads. No significant variation of tribological behavior was measured between the short and long CNTs samples. SEM observations showed that rubbing caused the CNTs to align or lay down along the wear scar. They formed aggregates and were compressed by rubbing, which resulted in layer-structured graphite formations. SEM observation of the wear scars revealed loss of CNT structures accompanied by the appearance of dark areas. Micro Raman spectroscopic studies demonstrated that the dark areas were graphitized CNTs. Shear stress aligned the basal planes of the small graphene sheets in the CNT layers to the low friction orientation and eventually caused formation of more ordered graphite. The tribological formation of interfacial carbon layers increased with increasing stress from higher loads.     

试论Si促使铁液凝固过程中石墨化的机理

Si促使铁液凝固过程中不断G化,奥氏体(A)共析分解为F+G的机理分析认为:铁碳合金凝固以稳定状态转化,是Si熔于铁液中的化学特性,不断促使铁液的C溶解度下降所形成G的速度>凝固时铁液C的变化速度的必然结果。铁液凝固的过冷度,随Si的提高,过冷度是减少的,是Si对铁碳合金物理性能产生的影响之一,与C的G化无关,不能与Si的化学特性混为一谈,也不能作为促进铸铁G化退火的依据。     

C/C复合材料石墨化度P1模型的表征及测定

C/C复合材料的石墨化度反映了材料中碳结构与理想石墨晶体结构的接近程度,并且是影响其性能的一个重要结构参数,石墨化度P1是一种能够比较准确地表示碳材料石墨程度结构的参数,本文利用P1的基本原理,编制了相应的计算程序,通过X光衍射（XRD）分析,计算了不同热处理温度C／C复合材料石墨化度P1,结果表明它可以较好的表征C／C复合材料的石墨化程度,并进一步讨论了热处理温度（HTT）与石墨化度的关系。     

尿素改性对钠离子电池负极材料NaTi_2(PO_4)_3电化学性能的影响

为提高水溶液钠离子电池负极材料NaTi_2(PO_4)_3(NTP)的导电性和倍率性能,以尿素(CO(NH_2)_2)为碳源采用溶剂热法合成了CO(NH_2)_2/NaTi_2(PO_4)_3(C/NTP)复合负极材料。采用XRD、SEM、TEM、Raman和恒流充放电等手段分析了材料的结构、C/NTP形貌和电化学性能。研究了不同阶段升温速率对C含量、包覆层石墨化程度及对电化学性能的影响。实验结果表明,低于400℃升温速率越小,C/NTP残碳量越高;400~650℃之间升温速率越小,包覆层石墨化程度越高,并提高了其电化学性能;在5C倍率下2℃/min热处理的样品首圈放电比容量为114.9mAh·g~(-1),循环30次后容量保持在91.9mAh·g~(-1);10C下放电比容量为87mAh·g~(-1),20C下放电比容量仍保持在71mAh·g~(-1),展现出高倍率下优异的循环性能。     

Abnormal Graphitization Behavior in Near-Surface/Interface Region of Polymer-Derived Ceramics

The in situ free carbon generated in polymer-derived ceramics (PDCs) plays a crucial role in their unique microstructure and resultant properties. This study advances a new phenomenon of graphitization of PDCs. Specifically, whether in micro-/nanoscale films or millimeter-scale bulks, the surface/interface radically changes the fate of carbon and the evolution of PDC nanodomains, promotes the graphitization of carbon, and evolves a free carbon enriched layer in the near-surface/interface region. Affected by the enrichment behavior of free carbon in the near-surface/interface region, PDCs exhibit highly abnormal properties such as the skin behavior and edge effect of the current. The current intensity in the near-surface/interface region of PDCs is orders of magnitude higher than that in its interior. Ultrahigh conductivity of up to 14.47 S cm⁻¹ is obtained under the action of the interface and surface, which is 5–8 orders of magnitude higher than that of the bulk prepared under the same conditions. Such surface/interface interactions are of interest for the regulation of free carbon and its resultant properties, which are the core of PDC applications. Finally, the first PDC thin-film strain gauge that can survive a butane flame with a high temperature of up to ≈1300 °C is fabricated.     

Fe2O3对聚芳基乙炔树脂石墨化的影响研究

用不同催化剂催化聚芳基乙炔树脂石墨化,重点研究了Fe2O3含量和热处理温度对PAA石墨化的影响。通过XRD、Raman、SEM和HRTEM分析了PAA热处理温前后的结构和形貌变化。实验结果显示：Fe2O3在热处理过程中转换成铁单质,有效地促进了PAA树脂的石墨化;Fe203含量的增加和热处理温度的升高均可促使石墨结构形...     

模压制备C/C-SiC复合材料的催化石墨化过程研究

采用短纤维树脂模压+液态聚合物浸渍/裂解+原位反应的工艺制备了C/C-SiC复合材料,对其催化石墨化过程进行初步研究。首先分析"炭硅反应"工艺对石墨化度的影响,发现"炭硅反应"加强了硅对硼的活化作用,使炭材料的石墨化度从87.9%提高到97.3%;对制备样品的形貌分析及成分测试表明,石墨化过程伴随着"炭硅反应",碳化硅在材料内部分布均匀;其次探讨了硼对石墨化的催化作用,C/C-SiC复合材料中硼酚醛树脂炭的质量分数从69.9%降低至46.3%时,石墨化度随之由91.6%降至70.4%;最后研究了硅对石墨化的影响,提出硅硼协同催化石墨化机理,当硅的添加量从0增至6.3%,石墨化度由78.1%提高至90.7%。     

煤基石墨烯的制备及其光催化性能研究

以太西无烟煤为前驱体,经过催化石墨化及氧化还原方法制备了煤基石墨烯,考察了其在二氧化碳光催化过程的应用,重点研究了硫酸铁及硼酸对无烟煤石墨化过程的催化作用,以及改良Hummers法耦合等离子介质阻挡放电制备煤基石墨烯的关键技术,研究表明,在硼／铁复合催化剂作用下,可以实现无烟煤的中温石墨化;以石墨化产物可以制得微观结构优良的煤基石墨烯;在C02的光催化转化过程中,在光照时间为14h,煤基石墨烯添加量为1g／L,CO2流量为200mL／min时,目标产物甲醇的含量可达144．19μmol／L。