W型试样在测量断裂韧度中的合理性分析

Ｗ型试样在核反应堆压力容器用材料的断裂韧度测试中具有良好的应用前景。本文利用弱塑性有限元方法,通过与标准比例的紧凑拉伸试样（ＣＴ试样）的比较,分析满足Ｊ主导条件的Ｗ型试术在测量断裂韧度中的合理性。研究表明,在常用的裂纹长度和韧带长度范围内,Ｗ型试样在断裂韧度的测量中是合理而可行的。     

基于涡流检测信号的金属曲面距离测量方法研究

为提高曲面试件的涡流测距精度,提出一种基于涡流信号差值的测距修正方法.该方法通过研究不锈钢平板试件与曲面试件涡流信号的不同,拟合计算出曲面涡流信号和平面涡流信号之间差值与曲面试件曲率的定量关系.利用这一函数关系,对不同曲率试件的测量结果进行补偿,可修正由于试件存在曲面造成的测量误差.通过实验进行可行性验证,对平板试件与...     

两种制样方法对氧含量测试结果的影响

通过对两种氧含量测试试样的制样方法及其氧含量测试结果进行对比、分析,总结出一种简便有效的制样方法———物理学法。实验表明,采用该制样方法制样时,能得到准确性、一致性较好的氧含量测试结果,且该制样方法简单高效,试样质量易于判断和控制。     

Heat-Transfer analysis for quenched impact test specimens of polymers

An approximate but simple method for the low temperature mechanical testing of polymers is frequently used. It consists of quenching the polymer sample into liquid nitrogen and then installing it on the testing apparatus. The required test temperature is determined by the time where the experiment is started. In this work, the time-temperature patterns of two quenched impact test samples, in high density polyethylene and polyurethane, were first measured and then compared with the values obtained from a graphical method of unsteady-state heat conduction. The agreement between experimental data and calculated values is better than 8% in terms of relative error.     

盐渍土地区混凝土耐久性试验用试件尺寸的评价

采用2种不同尺寸的混凝土试件进行室内混凝土耐久性快速破坏试验,寻求适用于室内混凝土耐久性快速破坏试验的最合理的混凝土试件尺寸。结果表明:采用尺寸为100 mm×100 mm×400 mm的混凝土试件比采用尺寸为40 mm×40 mm×160 mm的混凝土试件进行耐久性快速破坏试验的试验结果具有较好的准确性。     

制样方法对非饱和土力学特性的影响

以一种非膨胀性黏土为试验材料,对孔隙比相近的非饱和压实试样和预固结试样进行一系列等吸力控制下的等向压缩试验和三轴剪切试验,研究了制样方法对非饱和土的压缩特性和剪切特性的影响。由等吸力等向压缩试验结果表明:初始孔隙比相近的预固结样和压实样在等向净应力20 k Pa条件下进行等吸力平衡,平衡过程中预固结试样的孔隙比明显减小而压实样的变化不大;其原因是两种试样的初始吸力和土结构存在差异。此外,预固结样和压实样在吸力150 k Pa条件下,预固结样的含水率随着等向净应力的增大而减小,而压实样的含水率几乎不变。上述变形特性可用SFG弹塑性模型说明。在净围压和吸力相同条件下对剪切前孔隙比相同的两种试样进行了三轴剪切试验,试验结果表明:在剪切前的密度、剪切时的吸力和净围压相同条件下,预固结样的偏应力–应变曲线和强度明显高于压实试样的曲线和强度。其原因可用两种试样的孔隙尺寸分布不同来解释。     

纯剪切应变状态下天然橡胶元件的疲劳损伤特性

应用有限元分析与计算技术研究了橡胶元件实现纯剪切状态的设计要求,并计算了其5种疲劳损伤评价参数;通过加载扭转角位移实测了环形橡胶剪切试件的纯剪切疲劳损伤寿命,观察了该试件的疲劳失效位置和裂纹扩展方向;建立了疲劳损伤评价参数与纯剪切疲劳损伤寿命的幂函数模型。结果表明,环形橡胶剪切试件的内径与其厚度及高度的比值均约为10时,承载后可近似实现纯剪切应变状态;以转矩下降率25%为失效标准时,填充炭黑天然橡胶试件的纯剪切疲劳损伤寿命与其角位移、对数主应变、应变能密度、柯西主应力及剪切应变均存在较强的幂函数关系;环形橡胶剪切试件的裂纹扩展方向与其轴线方向成约45°角,且裂纹的产生位置为试件的应变集中区域。     

The effects of thermosetting and castable encapsulation methods on the metallographic preparation of ceramic thermally sprayed coatings—A technical note

Accurate microstructural analysis of thermally sprayed coatings is possible only if specimen preparation produces a surface that clearly reveals the true microstructure. Comparison of similar specimens pre-pared by different laboratories, or different personnel in the same laboratory, often shows significant dif-ferences or variations in the microstructures, producing conflicting information that lowers the confi-dence level of microstructural analysis. A study was conducted on an alumina coating and an 8 wt% yttria-stabilized zirconia coating, both sprayed on metal substrates, to evaluate the effects of two differ-ent encapsulating procedures.     

Assessment of fracture characteristics from revised small punch test using pre-cracked specimen

Small punch (SP) test has been utilized to analyze the neutron irradiation damage of nuclear vessels. Since this technique is easy, simple, and nondestructive, it can be applied to evaluate the mechanical properties and material degradation of in-service components. Conventional SP test has evaluated the ductile-brittle transition temperature and the equivalent fracture strain by the interpretations of load-deflection curve and the change of specimen thickness, respectively. The assumption that fracture occurs at maximum load is, however, not reasonable because the crack initiates at smaller load. In this study, in order to evaluate quantitatively fracture characteristics based on fracture mechanics, the pre-crack is introduced to SP specimen and acoustic emission is used to determine the crack initiation point. Using the load at crack initiation point, the fracture toughness of thin plate is calculated through bending theory. Therefore, the fracture characteristics of thin plate can be evalualed more reliably by using revised SP test.     

结合方式和试样尺寸对矾土基浇注料受热爆裂性能的影响

为了考察试样尺寸对浇注料受热爆裂性能的影响,研究了以低水泥、超低水泥、硅溶胶、α-bond及MgO-SiO2-H2O结合的矾土基浇注料不同坯体尺寸的抗爆裂性能及物理性能,发现试样尺寸对浇注料爆裂性能的影响与其中低温物理性能密切相关:1)坯体较密实且强度较高者,试样大小对受热爆裂性能影响较大;而初始坯体气孔较多且强度不高或初始坯体较密实而强度一般者,试样大小对受热爆裂性能影响不大。2)当试样尺寸较大时,各体系结合浇注料都较容易发生爆裂,结合方式对浇注料爆裂影响不大;而试样尺寸较小时,以水合结合试样更容易发生爆裂。