The effects of thermosetting and castable encapsulation methods on the metallographic preparation of ceramic thermally sprayed coatings—A technical note

Accurate microstructural analysis of thermally sprayed coatings is possible only if specimen preparation produces a surface that clearly reveals the true microstructure. Comparison of similar specimens pre-pared by different laboratories, or different personnel in the same laboratory, often shows significant dif-ferences or variations in the microstructures, producing conflicting information that lowers the confi-dence level of microstructural analysis. A study was conducted on an alumina coating and an 8 wt% yttria-stabilized zirconia coating, both sprayed on metal substrates, to evaluate the effects of two differ-ent encapsulating procedures.     

结合方式和试样尺寸对矾土基浇注料受热爆裂性能的影响

为了考察试样尺寸对浇注料受热爆裂性能的影响,研究了以低水泥、超低水泥、硅溶胶、α-bond及MgO-SiO2-H2O结合的矾土基浇注料不同坯体尺寸的抗爆裂性能及物理性能,发现试样尺寸对浇注料爆裂性能的影响与其中低温物理性能密切相关:1)坯体较密实且强度较高者,试样大小对受热爆裂性能影响较大;而初始坯体气孔较多且强度不高或初始坯体较密实而强度一般者,试样大小对受热爆裂性能影响不大。2)当试样尺寸较大时,各体系结合浇注料都较容易发生爆裂,结合方式对浇注料爆裂影响不大;而试样尺寸较小时,以水合结合试样更容易发生爆裂。     

饱水对煤系地层岩石力学性质影响的试验研究

 为研究饱水对煤系地层岩石力学性质的影响,在自然和饱水状态下,利用RMT–150B岩石力学系统对砂岩、砂质泥岩和泥岩进行巴西劈裂、单轴压缩和常规三轴压缩试验。试验结果表明：3种岩石的平均吸水率为0.241%～0.482%,吸水率与时间的关系可以用对数函数进行拟合;饱水后对3种岩石的强度和变形特征均有不同程度的影响,泥岩表现最为明显,其次是砂质泥岩和砂岩,抗拉强度的软化系数为0.40～0.92;单轴抗压强度的软化系数为0.58～0.94,弹性模量的降低系数为0.58～0.95,变形模量的降低系数为0.68～0.94,泊松比的降低系数为1.08～1.11;三轴压缩峰值强度的软化系数K与围压?3大致成正相关,表明饱水状态下试样峰值强度对围压的敏感度大于自然状态下试样峰值强度对围压的敏感度;饱水对3种岩石试样的黏聚力均有不同程度降低,降低幅度为20.6%～67.0%,而摩擦因数大致保持不变,表明黏聚力是一个结构参数,摩擦因数是一个材料参数。     

辐照用小尺寸样品力学性能表征技术研究进展

由于辐照空间尺寸限制、降低样品放射性和提高辐照参数精度等原因,小尺寸样品被广泛应用于核反应堆材料的辐照后力学性能表征。本文就国内外小尺寸拉伸、冲击、断裂韧性、疲劳、蠕变和小冲杆等测试表征技术的研究现状进行了综合论述,分析了小尺寸样品测试中的关键影响因素以及数据归一化方法,总结了小尺寸样品存在的问题,并结合我国需求对小尺寸样品技术的发展进行了分析和展望,以期为小尺寸样品技术及测试分析数据进一步规范化和工程应用发展提供参考。     

基于试验数据的焊缝试样C*参量估算

针对焊缝和母材蠕变性能不相同的带焊缝CT试样,提出了一个等效均质材料模型,建立了焊缝中心裂纹、焊缝界面裂纹和非对称焊缝裂纹情况下由试验数据确定C*参量的修正式。采用ABAQUS软件进行了带焊缝CT试样C*参量的有限元分析。有限元数值解与修正式的预测值比较表明：与均质材料CT试样相比,低匹配焊缝会导致CT试样的hw因子增大,高匹配焊缝会导致hw因子值降低,采用ASTM E1457提供的公式在低匹配情况下会过低估算C*参量,在高匹配情况下会过高估算C*参量。无论是低匹配(M<1)焊缝还是高匹配(M >1)焊缝,修正后CT试样的C*参量计算式都可给出与有限元解非常接近的估算结果,可用于焊缝蠕变裂纹行为预测。     

应力波载荷作用下材料断裂韧性JId测试研究

本文建立了一个测定动态弹塑性断裂韧性JId的方法。该方法利用改进的Hopkinson压杆加载Charpy冲击试样,利用压杆上应变片记录的入射应力波和反射应力波,由一维应力波理论得到试样所受的载荷和加载点位移。在建立的裂纹尖端张开位移COD和裂纹扩展量Δa的关系中,令Δa=0,可得到裂纹起裂时的临界（COD）c从而确定裂纹的动态起裂点。与其它方法相比,本文的方法不需要昂贵的仪器来测试动态断裂参数;不需将应变片贴在试样上确定起裂时间,所以该方法可在较高或较低的温度下使用;在动态弹塑性断裂韧性JId的计算中,考虑了材料的动态应力—应变行为,使测得的JId值能更好地反映材料在应力波载荷作用下的动态断裂性能。     

MICROSTRUCTURAL STUDY OF Fe-Cr-Al/Al COMPOSITE COATINGS DURING OXIDATION AND SULFIDATION AT 900 ℃

The microstructure of a composite coating system, which was composed of an inner layer of Fe-Cr-Al and an outer layer of aluminum, was studied after it was respectively oxidized and sulfurdized at elevated temperatures. Apart from the Al2O3 scale formed on the surface, the microstructure of the composite coatings exposed at 900℃ in air for 4h was a three-layer structure. The first layer consisted of a solid solution of Cr and Fe in α aluminum and an intermetallic compound FeAl3, while the second layer was a single phase of the aluminide and the third layer still remained the same appearance as the original Fe-Cr-Al coating.The microstructural observation of the specimen tested at 850-900 ℃ at low oxygen pressure and high sulfur pressure for 576h revealed that the surface coatings of the specimen had transformed into a duplex structure containing an outer layer and a thicker aluminide layer beneath. X-ray diffraction results showed that the out layer was composed of Al2S3 and Al2O3 and that AlCrFe2 was the main phase composition of the aluminide layer, with a few of Al2S3 and Al2O3 accompanied.     

混凝土圆柱体试件和立方体试件抗压强度关系的分析

世界各国混凝土抗压强度的试验标准各不相同,同样的混凝土,得出的抗压强度试验值不同。在国际技术交流中,为保持使用数据的一致性,必须研究混凝土圆柱体试件与立方体试件所测得的抗压强度值的关系。本文介绍了混凝土圆柱体试件与立方体试件的强度比的影响因素、转换系数与转换公式,供同行遇到类似问题时参考。     

Experimental study on method of estimating strength of weld metal in steel structure

We conducted the welding experiment using three kinds of test piece, actual size, diaphragm and butt joint. Then, we examined the influence on strength, cooling time and carbon equivalent of weld metal by welding conditions on the different test pieces. We calculated an estimate of cooling time and chemical components. Consequently, we concluded that the strength of weld metal can be estimated by heat input, interpass temperature, carbon equivarent of welding wire and shape of test piece.     

Deformation and fracture of high-temperature steels at different temperatures and loading rates

Charpy impact tests were conducted at different temperatures and loading rates. Temperature dependences of the crack initiation and propagation energies were determined for carbon steel 45, steels St. 3 and 15Kh2NMFA from the load-time curves obtained with due account of the impact test results. The effect of the loading rate on the temperature dependence of the impact toughness was analyzed within the range from 1 to 4.4 m/s. __________ Translated from Problemy Prochnosti, No. 1, pp. 29–34, January–February, 2009.