Increasing urea-N efficiency for transplanted lowland rice by pneumatic injection: Yield and economics at the farm level

To increase the fertilizer-N efficiency in lowland rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivation, new management practices are needed. Main cause of the present low efficiency is the low N recovery by plants, as a considerable part of the N applied is lost; deep placement techniques improve the recovery. A pneumatic injector, with which urea prills can be point-placed at a depth of 5–10 cm in paddy soils, was tested in 38 on-farm trials in 1989/90, mostly during the wet season. The experiments, located in Africa and Asia, focussed on differences in grain yield between conventional methods of broadcasting urea and injection by the pneumatic injector, at recommended N-rates. The study shows that the pneumatic injector is effective as a tool to improve the N fertilizer efficiency. The average yield increases per region, resulting from the use of the injector, ranged from about 250 to 1300 kg grain ha^–1. The value of the yield increase would allow most farmers to recover the costs of the injector within one season, even if labour was hired to carry out the injections. The average labour requirement of the injector was 40 hours ha^–1. In Indonesia, injection of prilled urea gave yields similar to those obtained with urea briquettes.     

对接型销双向斜抽芯注塑模设计

给出了灯罩注塑模实用结构。该模具型芯由主型芯和副型芯组成，采用将副型芯推出方法实现塑件内侧壁凹槽抽芯，在塑件倾斜通孔处采用对接型销双向分型斜抽芯。既满足制品的成型和抽芯要求，又省去了斜抽芯和水平抽芯机构，模具结构紧凑，脱型可靠，成型塑件质量好。     

两极控制图在注塑瓶盖壁厚控制中的应用

针对注塑瓶盖壁厚控制的特点,介绍了统计过程控制(SPC)中的均值-极差(x-R)控制图在塑料瓶盖壁厚控制中的局限性,将两极(L-s)控制图与均值-极差控制图进行了比较,阐述了两极控制图在塑料瓶盖壁厚控制中的优越性,论述了两极控制图的构造原理和控制限计算方法,提出了两极控制图在注塑瓶盖壁厚控制中的应用,并在对两极控制图分析的基础上,对注塑成型的过程能力进行分析和改善。     

橡胶注射过程中压力变化的研究

对橡胶注射过程中的压力变化进行了理论与实验研究。充模流动模型的压力、能量控制方程分别为：选用高斯方法求解总体有限元方程。实验与计算分析对比证明．本文选用的数学模型和计算方法所得结果与实测结果基本吻合、该模型可用以代替大量的实验，对橡胶充模过程进行模拟，并用Ｇｒａｐｈｅｒ软件对数值结果进行处理，以图表直观地表达出各种因素对充模过程的影响。     

Compounding and injection molding of polybutene‐1/polypropylene blends

The effect of shear‐controlled orientation injection molding (SCORIM) was investigated for polybutene‐1/polypropylene blends. This article reports on the methods and processing conditions used for blending and injection molding. The properties of SCORIM moldings are compared with those of conventional moldings. SCORIM is based on the application of specific macroscopic shears to a solidifying melt. The multiple shear action enhances molecular alignment. The moldings were investigated with mechanical tests, differential scanning calorimetry studies, and polarized light microscopy. The application of SCORIM improved Young's modulus and the ultimate tensile strength. The gain in stiffness was greater for higher polybutene‐1 content blends. A drastic decrease in the strain at break and toughness was observed in SCORIM moldings. The enhanced molecular orientation of SCORIM moldings resulted in a featureless appearance of the morphology. Interfacial features due to segregation were visible in the micrographs of SCORIM moldings. Both conventional and SCORIM moldings exhibited form I′ in polybutene‐1. This article explains the relationship between the mechanical properties and micromorphologies. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 88: 806–813, 2003     

UG软件CAD/CAM技术在注塑模生产中的应用

以手机外壳为例，介绍利用UG软件提供的MoldWizard和CAM数控编程两大模块，实现从模具设计到数控铣加工的全过程。     

注射成型模具排气槽的设计

塑料注射成型模具的排气方式和排气槽结构直接影响塑料制品质量。介绍了塑料注射成型模具的排气方式、排气槽设计经验以及切实可行的排气方案和排气槽结构。     

注塑级PVC／ABS合金的性能及其加工

阐述了注塑用聚氯乙烯/丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物(PVC/ABS)合金的制备工艺以及合金组成与冲击强度和屈服应力的关系,分析了影响注塑工艺条件的因素,并对体系的热稳定性和流变特性及其影响因素也作了简要的论述。     

彩色显像管锁紧螺母注射模设计制造

分析彩色显像管锁紧螺母塑料件的工艺结构特点和改性聚苯醚的成型特性,介绍该塑料件注射模的结构、工作过程及制造特点;重点阐述自动旋转脱螺纹机构的设计要点。该模具结构巧妙、合理,生产效率高,对同类产品的生产具有一定的借鉴作用。     

层内自生弱酸降压增注技术在文南油田的应用

文南油田是个油层埋藏深、物性差、非均质严重的复杂断块油气田,注水压力大多在35M Pa以上,水井欠注严重,增注实施困难,层内自生弱酸降压增注技术针对长期困扰文南油田的高压、超高压注水问题,研制开发的一种新型复合降压增注技术。该解堵技术不仅可以适合各类油藏,同时可以解除钻井泥浆、粘土矿物等无机垢,沥青质,胶质、石蜡,聚合物胶团等有机物造成的堵塞,并可以起到深部酸化解堵和改善岩石润湿等作用。通过在文南油田高压注水井上应用,取得了好的降压增注效果。