炭材料中的组织

炭材料的基本结构单元是各向异性碳六角层面。基于择优取向的图型，炭材料中的纳米大小的组织（纳米组织）可发为沿面、轴向点的取向以及任意取向。从这种纳米组织的分类可以容易地了解到为什么炭材料能有如此多的形态，层片、纤维、球和不规则的粒子，以及为什么有如此宽广的性质。文中还简要地介绍了表征这些纳米组织的主要技术。     

Growth and Optical Properties of Quantized CdS Crystallites in TEOS Silica Xerogels

Quantized CdS crystallite-doped tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS) silica xerogels are prepared by the sol-gel method. In this method, cadmium acetate [Cd(CH₃COO)₂2H₂O]-doped TEOS alcogel is formed by the hydrolysis and polycondensation of ethanolic TEOS in the presence of hydrochloric acid (HCl) and ammonium hydroxide (NH₄OH) catalysts and Cd(CH₃COO)₂.2H₂O. The CdS crystallites are formed in the alcogel by the reaction of Cd(CH₃COO)₂.2H₂O present in the gel and methanolic sodium sulfide (Na₂S), which is added over the alcogel. The effect of CdS/TEOS, EtOH/TEOS, S/Cd molar ratios, and temperature on the optical properties and CdS crystallite sizes in the xerogels are studied. A blue shift is observed in optical absorption spectra by decreasing the CdS/TEOS molar ratio from 2 × 10^–2 to 1 × 10^–4. It is observed that the crystallite size is increased from 1.6 to 3.4 nm by increasing the EtOH/TEOS molar ratio from 2 to 20, respectively, for a constant CdS/TEOS molar ratio of 5 × 10^–4. Emission spectra of xerogels are measured and found that the emission peak maxima shifted toward lower energies (higher wavelengths) by increasing the CdS/TEOS molar ratio in the xerogels. It is known from the X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements of CdS-doped xerogels that the CdS crystallite structure in the xerogels is hexagonal wurtzite. The crystallite sizes were calculated from the XRD patterns and tight bonding calculations. There is a significant change in the color and size of CdS crystallite in the xerogels with a variation in temperature from 200 to 400°C.     

BaMnZnCoTi—W型铁氧体微波吸收特性的研究

对用Co2 + 、Ti4 + 置换Fe3 + 的BaMnZn -W型铁氧体的制备和微波吸收性能进行了分析研究 ,发现涂层厚为 1.0 6mm在 7.0～ 12 .0GHz频率范围内有 3个损耗吸收峰 ,峰值最高达 3 4dB以上 ;同时测量了复数磁导率 μ～( =μ′ -jμ″) ,复介电常数ε～( =ε′ -jε″) ,求出了磁损耗角正切tgδm 和介电损耗角正切tgδe,初步分析了 3个损耗吸收峰可能产生的机制。比较了在相同工艺条件下 ,随Co2 + 、Ti4 + 含量增加 ,铁氧体的吸收频率特性和涂层厚度的关系。     

Isobutane/2-butene alkylation on faujasite-type zeolites (H EMT and H FAU)

The alkylation of isobutane with 2-butene on hexagonal (protonated form = H EMT, investigated, for the first time on this reaction) and cubic faujasite (protonated form = H FAU) with Si/Al ratios of 3.5 was studied at 80°C and compared with the results obtained for a cerium exchanged Y zeolite (Ce Y). The alkylate composition consisted of 90% and about 80% C₈ paraffins for H EMT and H FAU/Ce Y, respectively. Within the C₈ fractions the three trimethylpentanes (TMP) 2,2,4-, 2,3,3- and 2,3,4-TMP were the dominating product compounds in all tests, whereas a higher content of dimethylhexanes (DMH) was observed for the H FAU and Ce Y. However, among the four trimethylpentanes 2,3,3,-TMP and 2,3,4-TMP were always the main compounds formed. Oligomerization was favoured only by the H FAU and Ce Y, with a strong increase of C₈ olefins after about one third of the observed reaction time. On the contrary, H EMT exhibited much less formation of C₈ olefins (and on a constant level) even after 300 min reaction time. The deactivated samples showed only formation of non-aromatic coke. The differences in the product pattern were attributed to the slightly larger size of the second type of supercage in EMT and to the stronger Bronsted acid sites in the hexagonal faujasite.Dedicated to Professor Dr. Martin Klessinger on the occasion of his 60th birthday.     

纳米晶金刚石的爆炸合成及超微金刚石的应用

爆炸合成的金刚万中存在一种具有纳米级亚晶的金刚石织构，它是由石墨经固态无扩散相变而成的，具有明显择优取向的纤维状组织。除常见的立方金刚石外，还存在一种六方金刚石，二者常共生于一个晶粒中。六方金刚石也是超硬材料之一，经碎化后的纳米级金刚石超微粉，是磁头、电接触头等耐磨性能要求高的材料中的良好的强化相。     

一种改进的六边形结构的Canny边缘检测算法

在图像处理过程中,为了获取更精确的边缘轮廓,将直线插补运算与六边形图像结构相结合,提出了一种简单高效的边缘检测方法.先用高斯滤波器对图像进行滤波,再使用Sobel算子进行边缘检测,最后按给定阚值对边缘进行精确提取,经过这三个步骤完成图像的边缘检测.通过实验验证了六边形图像结构的Canny边缘检测算法比常见的Canny边...