Interlamellar failure at transcrystalline interfaces in glass/polypropylene composites

Transcrystalline microstructures are normally not observed at the interface between E-glass fibers and an isotactic polypropylene matrix, unless mechanical translation is applied to the fiber while it is in the supercooled polymer melt. We demonstrate here that transcrystallinity can form at the surface of E-glass fibers if appropriate nucleating agents are used to coat the fibers. These agents can nucleate either the (monoclinic) or β (hexagonal) crystal forms of polypropylene. Single-fiber composite experiments were performed to assess the effect of transcrystallinity on matrix deformation. The preliminary results presented here reveal the occurrence of a previously unreported damage mechanism by which interlamellar fractures form preferentially at the interface well before any bulk matrix damage occurs. The density of this damage zone is higher in transcrystallinity of the β crystal form than of the form, although it was found that in the form the damage can propagate into the matrix. The occurrence of this damage mechanism suggests that toughness increases may potentially be obtained by careful design of the interfacial transcrystalline region in E-glass/polypropylene composites.     

Internal friction in hexagonal metalś

An overview of the studies of internal friction in hexagonal metals and alloys is presented. An outline of the experimental techniques of measurement and the atomistic mechanisms causing internal friction is also given.     

碳酸化分解法合成板状氢氧化铝的研究

介绍了一种制备板状氢氧化铝粉体的新方法。从晶体生长行为和反应机理出发,研究碳酸化分解法不同工艺条件:原料液偏铝酸钠浓度、反应气体CO2通气速率、碳分终点pH值、干燥条件等因素对氢氧化铝粉体板状结构的影响。同时,也考察了不同晶型向导剂和分散剂对粉体形貌的影响。得到的产品采用扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)和BET比表面积等检测手段进行表征。实验结果表明,当偏铝酸钠溶液的浓度为2.0~2.5 mol/L,CO2气体通气速率为100~200 L/h,反应终点控制为pH=12,添加一定量的A lF3和三乙醇胺作为晶型向导剂和分散剂时,可以得到六角板状氢氧化铝,其平均粒径为16.520μm,径厚比为30~60,比表面积351.350 3 m2/g。     

Bridging a Culture: The Design of Museo Soumaya

Fernando Romero and Armando Ramos of Fernando Romero EnterprisE (FREE) describe how the firm's design for an iconic museum in Mexico City, which adopted complex computational techniques, required them to develop an integrated and highly collaborative approach to design; with a central digital 3-D model being applied throughout the construction phase.     

新型六角芯光子晶体光纤的色散补偿特性研究

文章利用多极法对新型六角芯光子晶体光纤的色散特性进行了数值模拟与分析,研究发现,通过改变第一包层空气孔直径和空气孔间距,可以灵活地设计波长在1.55μm附近具有高色散值、大的负色散斜率和能在短波长内单模传输的色散补偿型光纤.数值模拟和分析表明,该光子晶体光纤在色散补偿型光纤方面具有广泛的应用前景.     

基于六边形网格结构的针织物三维建模

为方便快捷地构造出接近针织物真实线圈的三维几何模型,提出一种基于六边形网格结构理论的方法。首先根据针织线圈穿套时形成的交织点,构建出六边形网格结构,由此确定每个线圈单元的8个特殊型值点,并根据纱线线密度和织物厚度通过三角函数关系求得型值点的具体坐标。其次将型值点插入非均匀有理B样条曲线,利用反算法推算出控制顶点及确认最终纱线路径,并进行扫面操作形成单个纱线线圈。最后通过阵列方法依次重复排列,得到特定组织循环的针织三维模型,并且对单元模型进行导热分析。结果表明,最终模拟计算结果与实际测量值的误差在4%以内,所建模型具有较好的实用性和合理性。     

有孔内基础平台的竖直孔空心砖结构设计探讨

孔内基础平台设置在现有模数空心砖孔洞的上部,在孔洞内形成小平台,其能阻止砂浆掉落孔洞内,使空心砖的保温功能得以实现。孔内基础平台的设置将砖缝层平面摩擦改变为曲面摩擦,每一个孔洞的孔内基础砂浆与砖缝层面砂浆合为一体,砖缝层面摩擦力提升,墙体抗震能力提升。     

纳米六方水合铝酸钙的制备与应用

采用液相沉淀法制备了纳米六方水合铝酸钙(C4AHx),在单因素实验的基础上,通过正交实验确定了合成纳米六方水合铝酸钙的最佳工艺条件。采用XRD、SEM对脱硅剂进行物相和粒度形貌分析,探讨其脱硅机理。在最佳条件下添加纳米六方水合铝酸钙进行深度脱硅,脱硅后的铝酸钠溶液中SiO2含量可降低到0.007 g/L,硅量指数可达14000。     

Freezing of aqueous specimens: an X-ray diffraction study

The effects on water of two cooling methods, immersion in a liquid cryogen and high-pressure freezing, were studied by X-ray cryodiffraction on different sucrose solutions. The nature of the ice formed by each method depends on both the sucrose concentration and the specimen thickness. In order to compare the two methods, we mainly studied specimens having a thickness of 0.2 mm. Under these conditions, freezing by immersion gives rise to hexagonal (IH), cubic (IC) and amorphous (IV) ices when the sucrose concentration (weight/weight) has a value within the range 0–30%, 30–60%, 60% and higher, respectively. The temperature of the phase transitions IV–IC, IC–IH depends on the sucrose concentration. High-pressure freezing gives rise to two specific forms of ice: an amorphous and a crystalline ice (ice III). Ice III is observed when pure water samples are high-pressure frozen provided that the sample temperature does not rise above −150 °C. Above this temperature, ice III transforms into hexagonal ice. Amorphous ice is formed when the sucrose concentration is higher than 20%. The amorphous ice formed under high pressure has a similar, but not identical, X-ray diffraction pattern to that of amorphous ice formed at atmospheric pressure. While the X-ray diffraction pattern of amorphous ice formed at atmospheric pressure (IV) shows a broad ring at a position corresponding to 0.37 nm, that of high-pressure amorphous ice (IVHP) shows a broader ring, located at 0.35 nm. IVHP presents a phase transition (IVHP–IV) at temperatures that depend on the sucrose concentration. We also observed that some precautions have to be taken in order to minimize the alcohol contamination of high-pressure frozen samples. The ice-phase diagram presented in this paper should be taken into account in all methods dedicated to the structural study of frozen biological specimens.     

Catalytic-free growth of VACNTs for energy harvesting

Abstract

The present study introduces a process to grow micro-honeycomb (µ-HC) vertically aligned carbon nanotubes (VACNTs) using thermal chemical vapor deposition technique. Methane is used as a source of carbon and hydrogen gas as a reducing agent. Where, the fabricated µ-HC structure reported in literature involves complex synthesis process and requires a catalyst layer, the novelty of the process used here lies in the fact that no catalyst layer is used for the growth of CNT network, rather copper foil is used as a substrate. The in-situ cracking of CNTs due to water treatment leads to the formation of µ-HC CNT network, which is confirmed by Raman spectroscopy. Further scanning electron microscopy analysis shows that the length of developed µ-HC CNT is ～5?µm. Hexagonal µ-HC network shows more than 94% absorption in UV-Vis-NIR wavelength region. The designed process provides high-yield with a low-cost synthesis of vertically aligned CNTs having 3?D microarchitecture. The fabricated CNT network can be used as an electrode for supercapacitor, as an active layer in a photovoltaic cell and most of the energy harvesting devices.