PES亲水改性超滤膜澄清葡萄原酒研究

以抗菌、亲水性的TiO2为改性材料,采用相转化法制备PES/TiO2亲水改性超滤膜,用于葡萄原酒澄清研究。通过扫描电镜、傅立叶红外光谱仪和接触角测定仪对超滤前后的膜进行表征,结果显示,TiO2的加入增加了膜面粗糙度及亲水性,降低了原酒中蛋白质、多糖等大分子物质在膜面的吸附污染,使得改性膜超滤葡萄原酒渗透通量衰减率低于纯PES膜,提高了膜的抗污染性。当TiO2添加量为0.75%时,超滤2h,其渗透通量为18.09L/(m2·h)(纯膜为16.88L/(m2·h)),超滤后的葡萄酒液澄清度好。      

基于㶲方法的CO2捕集系统的热经济性评价

针对CO₂捕集系统, 提出了体现能量的质的评价指标——耗率.解吸耗率是解吸过程的过程性评价指标, 直接反映了解吸过程工艺和设备能耗水平.抽汽耗率是CO2捕集系统的综合性评价指标, 能合理全面地评价捕集系统蒸汽能量利用的程度.引入的减温效率衡量了抽汽在减温过程中可用能的有效利用程度.     

基于灰色理论的foF2短期预报方法

将灰色理论应用于电离层foF2的短期预报中,基于灰色距离信息熵确定样本序列最佳灰色预报长度,构建基于残差修正的预报模型,并利用中国地区多个观测站的观测数据进行检验.研究表明:平均灰色距离信息熵的计算结果反映了太阳自转的周期性影响;高纬度地区预报方法的精度高于低纬度地区,且在太阳活动较为剧烈的季节,预报方法的误差相对较大;提前1 d预报结果的平均相对残差在1 MHz以内,平均精度在90%以上.为今后电离层短期预报提供了一种新思路.     

高产信号分子AI-2乳酸菌的筛选及鉴定

通过V.harveyi BB170生物学方法检测分离自内蒙古锡盟地区的8株乳酸菌产生群体感应信号分子AI-2的情况,筛选出高产信号分子AI-2的菌株进行分子生物学鉴定,并探究信号分子AI-2变化规律。结果表明:8株乳酸菌均能够分泌具有活性的信号分子AI-2,其中,菌株2-1产信号分子AI-2的能力显著优于其他7株乳酸菌（p<0.05）;高产AI-2的乳酸菌菌株2-1经鉴定为发酵乳杆菌（Lactobacillus fermentum）;随着2-1菌体的生长信号分子AI-2的浓度也随之增大,并且信号分子AI-2浓度在稳定期初期达到最大值。      

Human β-Defensin 3 Inhibits Porphyromonas Gingivalis Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Oxidative and Inflammatory Responses of Microglia by Suppression of Cathepsins B and L

Recently, the effects of antibacterial peptides are suggested to have therapeutic potential in Alzheimer’s disease. Furthermore, systemic treatment of Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg) lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced Alzheimer’s disease-like neuropathological changes in middle-aged mice. Then, we examined whether human β-defensins (hBDs), antimicrobial peptides produced by the oral mucosa and salivary glands, can suppress Pg LPS-induced oxidative and inflammatory responses by microglia. hBD3 (1 μM) significantly suppressed Pg LPS-induced production of nitric oxide and interleukin-6 (IL-6) by MG6 cells, a mouse microglial cell line. hBD3 (1 μM) also significantly inhibited Pg LPS-induced expression of IL-6 by HMC3 cells, a human microglial cell line. In contrast, neither hBD1, hBD2 nor hBD4 failed to inhibit their productions. Furthermore, hBD3 suppressed Pg LPS-induced p65 nuclear translocation through the IκBα degradation. Pg LPS-induced expression of IL-6 was significantly suppressed by E64d, a cysteine protease inhibitor, and CA-074Me, a known specific inhibitor for cathepsin B, but not by pepstatin A, an aspartic protease inhibitor. Interestingly, hBD3 significantly inhibited enzymatic activities of recombinant human cathepsins B and L, lysosomal cysteine proteases, and their intracellular activities in MG6 cells. Therefore, hBD3 suppressed oxidative and inflammatory responses of microglia through the inhibition of cathepsins B and L, which enzymatic activities are necessary for the NF-κB activation.     

Delineating Purinergic Signaling in Drosophila

Simplistic models can aid in discovering what is important in the context of normal and pathological behavior. First recognized as a genetic model more than 100 years ago, to date, fruit flies (Drosophila melanogaster) still remain an astonishingly good laboratory stand-in for scientists to study development and physiology and to investigate the molecular mechanisms of human diseases. This is because fruit flies indeed represent a simplistic model. Furthermore, about 75% of human disease-related genes have their counterparts in the Drosophila genome, added to the fact that fruit flies are inexpensive and extremely easy to maintain, being invertebrates and, moreover, lacking any ethical concern issues. Purinergic signaling is, by definition, mediated by extracellular purinergic ligands, among which ATP represents the prototype molecule. A key feature that has progressively emerged when dissecting the purinergic mechanisms is the multilayer and dynamic nature of the signaling sustained by purinergic ligands. Indeed, these last are sequentially metabolized by several different ectonucleotidases, which generate the ligands that simultaneously activate several different purinergic receptors. Since significant purinergic actions have also been described in Drosophila, the aim of the present work is to provide a comprehensive picture of the purinergic events occurring in fruit flies.     

Expression Patterns and Gonadotropin Regulation of the TGF-β II Receptor (Bmpr2) during Ovarian Development in the Ricefield Eel Monopterus albus

Bmpr2 plays a central role in the regulation of reproductive development in mammals, but its role during ovarian development in fish is still unclear. To ascertain the function of bmpr2 in ovarian development in the ricefield eel, we isolated and characterized the bmpr2 cDNA sequence; the localization of Bmpr2 protein was determined by immunohistochemical staining; and the expression patterns of bmpr2 in ovarian tissue incubated with FSH and hCG in vitro were analyzed. The full-length bmpr2 cDNA was 3311 bp, with 1061 amino acids encoded. Compared to other tissues, bmpr2 was abundantly expressed in the ovary and highly expressed in the early yolk accumulation (EV) stages of the ovary. In addition, a positive signal for Bmpr2 was detected in the cytoplasm of oocytes in primary growth (PG) and EV stages. In vitro, the expression level of gdf9, the ligand of bmpr2, in the 10 ng/mL FSH treatment group was significantly higher after incubation for 4 h than after incubation for different durations. However, bmpr2 expression in the 10 ng/mL FSH treatment group at 2 h, 4 h and 10 h was significantly lower. Importantly, the expression level of bmpr2 and gdf9 in the 100 IU/mL hCG group had similar changes that were significantly decreased at 4 h and 10 h. In summary, Bmpr2 might play a pivotal role in ovarian growth in the ricefield eel, and these results provide a better understanding of the function of bmpr2 in ovarian development and the basic data for further exploration of the regulatory mechanism of gdf9 in oocyte development.     

The STIM1/2-Regulated Calcium Homeostasis Is Impaired in Hippocampal Neurons of the 5xFAD Mouse Model of Alzheimer’s Disease

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common cause of age-related dementia. Neuronal calcium homeostasis impairment may contribute to AD. Here we demonstrated that voltage-gated calcium (VGC) entry and store-operated calcium (SOC) entry regulated by calcium sensors of intracellular calcium stores STIM proteins are affected in hippocampal neurons of the 5xFAD transgenic mouse model. We observed excessive SOC entry in 5xFAD mouse neurons, mediated by STIM1 and STIM2 proteins with increased STIM1 contribution. There were no significant changes in cytoplasmic calcium level, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) bulk calcium levels, or expression levels of STIM1 or STIM2 proteins. The potent inhibitor BTP-2 and the FDA-approved drug leflunomide reduced SOC entry in 5xFAD neurons. In turn, excessive voltage-gated calcium entry was sensitive to the inhibitor of L-type calcium channels nifedipine but not to the T-type channels inhibitor ML218. Interestingly, the depolarization-induced calcium entry mediated by VGC channels in 5xFAD neurons was dependent on STIM2 but not STIM1 protein in cells with replete Ca²⁺ stores. The result gives new evidence on the VGC channel modulation by STIM2. Overall, the data demonstrate the changes in calcium signaling of hippocampal neurons of the AD mouse model, which precede amyloid plaque accumulation or other signs of pathology manifestation.     

Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Analysis of Fatty Acid Desaturase (FAD) Genes in Camelina sativa (L.) Crantz

Camelina sativa (L.) Crantz is an indispensable oilseed crop, and its seeds contain many unsaturated fatty acids. FAD (fatty acid desaturase) regulates the synthesis of unsaturated fatty acids. In this research, we performed CsFAD gene family analysis and identified 24 CsFAD genes in Camelina, which were unevenly distributed on 14 of the 19 total chromosomes. Phylogenetic analysis showed that CsFAD includes four subfamilies, supported by the conserved structures and motifs of CsFAD genes. In addition, we investigated the expression patterns of the FAD family in the different tissues of Camelina. We found that CsFAD family genes were all expressed in the stem, and CsFAD2-2 was highly expressed in the early stage of seed development. Moreover, during low temperature (4 °C) stress, we identified that the expression level of CsFAD2-2 significantly changed. By observing the transient expression of CsFAD2-2 in Arabidopsis protoplasts, we found that CsFAD2-2 was located on the nucleus. Through the detection and analysis of fatty acids, we prove that CsFAD2-2 is involved in the synthesis of linolenic acid (C18:3). In conclusion, we identified CsFAD2-2 through the phylogenetic analysis of the CsFAD gene family and further determined the fatty acid content to find that CsFAD2-2 is involved in fatty acid synthesis in Camelina.     

CuO Modified by 7,7,8,8-Tetracyanoquinodimethane and Its Application to CO2 Separation

7,7,8,8-Tetracyanoquinomethane (TCNQ) was added to polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP)/CuO composites to modify and prevent agglomeration of the particles, and thus the CuO particles were well dispersed to a small size, thereby increasing CO₂ solubility and separation performance. When the separation performance of the PVP/CuO/TCNQ composite membrane was measured for CO₂/N₂ gases, a CO₂ separation of about 174 was measured. This improvement in performance was attributed to the fact that TCNQ was applied to PVP and CuO to prevent agglomeration between particles with surface modification. Due to TCNQ, CuO could be dispersed to a small size in PVP; the bonds between chains in PVP weakened; the interaction between molecules weakened; and the free volume increased, as confirmed by FT-IR, TGA, and UV–Vis spectroscopy.